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CVICU Drugs > CVICU Drugs Packet from the unit > Flashcards

CVICU Drugs Packet from the unit Flashcards

1
Q

What four drugs will you see on the unit that increase contractility?

A

dobutamine
dopamine
milrinone
digitalis

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2
Q

what do dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and digitalis have in common?

A

they all increase contractility

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3
Q

Which 4 type of drugs reduce preload?

A

Nitrates
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Morphine

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4
Q

which vasoconstrictors will you commonly see on the unit?

A

neosynephrine
lveophed
epinephrine
vasopressin
dopamine

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5
Q

When does dopamine act as a vasoconstrictor?

A

when used in HIGH doses

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6
Q

what arterial dilators will you commonly see on the unit?

A

calcium channel blockers
antihypertensives
ace inhibitors
arbs
milrinone
nipride

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7
Q

how do arterial dilators decrease blood pressure?

A

by reducing after load

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8
Q

what happens when you stimulate alpha receptors?

A

vascular smooth muscle contraction

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9
Q

what happens when you block alpha receptors?

A

decrease in blood pressure, relaxation of vascular smooth muscles

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10
Q

what happens when you stimulate beta receptors?

A

increase in heart rate and bronchodilation

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11
Q

Which drug acts on beta receptors to bronchodilator?

A

albuterol

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12
Q

what happens when you block beta receptors?

A

decrease in HR
mild bronchoconstriction
mild decrease in BP

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13
Q

which drugs should you use caution in patients with COPD and why?

A

beta receptor blockers because of bronchoconstriction

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14
Q

what are 3 examples of drugs that release catecholamines?

A

epi, norepi, dopamine

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15
Q

catecholamines are released as part of the…

A

fight or flight response

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16
Q

where are catecholamines produced in the body?

A

primarily the adrenal medulla

17
Q

what does the release of catecholamines do to the body?

A

increase cardiac output
increase in blood pressure
increase in heart rate
increase in blood sugar

18
Q

catecholamines are a type of…

A

neurotransmitter

19
Q

where are alpha 1 receptors located in the body?

A

vascular smooth muscle

20
Q

what are alpha receptors responsible for?

A

they determine both arteriolar resistance and venous capacitance, and thus BP

21
Q

what is venous capacitance?

A

volume of blood contained in the venous system at a given pressure

22
Q

where are alpha 2 receptors located?

A

in the brain and the periphery

23
Q

what is amiodarone?

A

class III anti arrhythmic

24
Q

how does amiodarone work?

A

inhibits potassium ion fluxes during phase II and III of the action potential

25
Q

Amiodarone delays polarization by…

A

prolonging the QT interval and the refractory period in cardiac tissue

26
Q

when is amiodarone used?

A

pulseless v tach or v fib
stable or unstable arterial/ventricular arrhythmias
to convert and manage a fib

27
Q

amiodarone works as a powerful vaso__

A

dilator

28
Q

what must you use when hanging amiodarone?

A

inline filter

29
Q

how is an amiodarone drip infused?

A

loading dose of 150mg over 10 minutes
then
maintenance drip of 1mg/min over 6 hrs
then
0.5mg/min over 18 hrs

30
Q

what should be done if a patient is on an amiodarone drip and has breakthrough arrhythmias?

A

give supplemental loading dose of 150 mg over 10 mins

31
Q

how is amiodarone given for lethal v tach or v fib?

A

300 mg IVP

32
Q

what are 4 serious adverse reactions of amiodarone?

A

thyroid dysfunction
vision loss
interstitial pneumonitis
bradycardia

33
Q

what is an important ingredient of amiodarone?

A

it is by weight, 37% iodine

34
Q

excess iodine intake may precipitate…

A

hyper/hypothyroidism
goiter
thyroid autoimmunity

35
Q

what are 3 beta blockers commonly used in the Cvicu?

A

metoprolol, atenolol, propanolol

36
Q

what is the mechanism of action of beta blockers?

A

competitively inhibits catecholamines from binding to beta receptors

37
Q

what are 2 main functions of beta blockers?

A

reduce myocardial oxygen demand and increase coronary artery perfusion

38
Q

how do beta blockers reduce myocardial oxygen demand and increase coronary artery perfusion?

A

by decreasing heart rate and contractility, and reducing left ventricular wall stress by prolonging diastole

39
Q
A

CVICU Drugs (1 decks)

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