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Module 3 > Cvpd > Flashcards

Cvpd Flashcards

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1
Q

Warfarin (hey mr. Coumadin)

A

Treatment for DVT
Antidote- vitamin k and ffp

Always alert caregiver before any medical treatment

Report any bleeding

Avoid foods high in vitamin k ***

Becareful with meds like ib profin

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2
Q

Heparin

A

Used to treat DVT
Antedote -Protomine sulfate
Anti xa

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3
Q

If a pt has a blank done they have to be on some kind of anticoagulant for the rest of their life

A

Mechanical valve

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4
Q

The amount of blood pumped in one minute

A

Cardiac output

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5
Q

The most common diagnosis in the United States

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

What is it called when hyper tension is not caused by another disease process

A

Primary hypertension

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7
Q

This is when hypertension has caused damage to other organs

A

Complicated HTN

Example : a pt has hypertension and now their kidneys are effected

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8
Q

Which part of the heart pushes blood to the body

A

The left ventricle

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9
Q

What is the diet called that includes whole grains, fresh fruits , low carb., NA etc

A

DASH diet

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10
Q

Side effects of this medication includes orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, vertigo, and tachycardia

A

Alpha blockers

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11
Q

It is important to monitor potassium with this med

A

Feurosimide

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12
Q

what is a diuretic that is mainly used to treat hypertension?

A

HCTV
Hydrochlorothiazide

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13
Q

What is it called it called when you have a decrease of a systolic of 20 mmhm and systolic of 10 mmHg

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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14
Q

What is your most important nursing intervention ?

A

Safety!! Prevent falls

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15
Q

T or f vasoconstriction can lead to increase bp

A

True

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16
Q

Accumulation of lipid or fatty tissue in the vessel walls is called

A

Arteriosclerosis

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17
Q

What are age gender and ethnicity

A

Nonmodifiable risk factors

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18
Q

Which chol level do we want to be high

A

HDL

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19
Q

Inadequate blood flow or oxygen content is called what

A

Ischemia

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20
Q

What is called when o2 is completely cut off

A

Infarction

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21
Q

Angina that is predictable on exertion

A

Stable angina

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22
Q

This indicates injury or infarction on ekg

A

St elevation

We want to catch it at depression when it is just ischemia

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23
Q

The most specific lab that is used to identify cardiac injury

A

Troponin

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24
Q

What is the most specific lab for heart failure

A

BNP

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25
What is the diagnostic test to look at heart wall motion and valve function
Echo
26
Do not give if the pt has recently taken an erectile dysfunction medication
Nitro
27
This is a common side effect of nitroglycerin
Headache Give Tylenol
28
What lab do you monitor when giving ENOXAPARIN
Platelets
29
What’s your acronym to guide the treatment of MI
MOANA Morphine Oxygen Aspirin Nitroglycerin
30
If your patient urine output is less than what you should contact the physician
30 ml per hour
31
When a heart valve never completely closes and blood continue to flow what is it called
Regurgitation
32
Vitamin k is the antedote for what
Warfarin and Coumadin
33
Classic signs of this condition is focused on wheezing and sob
Left sided heart failure
34
A classic assessment in right sided heart failure is
Edema
35
Asthma pt should avoid which cardiac medication
Beta blockazzzz
36
A heart failure client is being discharged home how should they assess their fluid
Daily weights
37
This leg pain is while walking and goes away on rest
Intermittent Claud
38
Use of this type of medication puts pt at greater risk of DVT
Oral contraceptives
39
Furosemide
Used to pull out extra fluid , for edema Will decrease potassium , can cause dysrhythmias
40
Hydrochlorothiazide
It is a diuretic but not used for the diuretic effect, it is used for HTN Keep an eye out for electrolytes Can be used alone or in combination w other meds
41
Hypertension nursing care
Daily weight I &O Urine output Response of b/p Electrolyte Take pulse Ischemic episodes. Transient ischemic attack C CAD CRF CHF CVA (cerebral vascular accident)
42
Ace inhibitors
Ends in pril Prevention of any further damage Also increases renal perfusion Can be combined with b blockers Can cause productive cough used for HTN and treat MI, CHF Decrease bp and cardiac workload
43
B blockers
Ends in olol Used for HTN, angina, MI (reduce incident of any further attack) Decrease HR, force of contraction and a-v conduction Decrease cardiac output Side effect bronchospasms, lethargy, Brady cardia, CHF, decrease bp, depression Can mimic s/s of hypoglycemia Never abruptly stop
44
Calcium antagonist/channel blocker
Verapamil Nifedipine Diltiazem (Very nice drugs) DO NOT take with grapefruit juice- will increase CCB Used for HTN, angina Decrease in: Contractility Conductivity of the heart = Demand for o2 Do not give to a pt with heart failure
45
What are some drugs that can cause secondary hypertension?
Oral contraceptives Antihistamines Corticosteroids
46
What drugs are lipid lowering
Statins Niacin Fibrates
47
Statin
Statinsslow down LDL raise hdl Watch liver function test with these As we are giving meds the chol will be excreted in the liver so we want to make sure we are not over working it Most ppl are allergic s/s are muscle tenderness and weakness Not recommended for women of child bearing age Metabolized better at night
48
Niacin
B vitamin Can be used for minimially elevated chol levels or can be used alongside of a statin S/s- flushing
49
How can flushing be avoided with niacin ?
Take a 325 mg aspirin 30 minutes before niacin
50
Fibrates
Gemfibrozil Help decrease ldl levels
51
When you start a pt on cholesterol medicine
Bring them back every 6 weeks for the first 6 months or until the goal is reached
52
Stress test
Will show when pt starts to have chest pain and if they dye gets sucked up or not. If it doesn’t it indicates damage
53
Echo
Shows heart wall motion Do we have an effective pump Is blood flowing the right direction Do we have enough cardiac output
54
What is given with to treat angina and or assessments?
Oxygen ( always initiate o2 at onset of chest pain) Nitroglycerin/ nitro PQRST pain assessment Vital signs Resperatory
55
What is important to watch for someone with edema?
LUNGS first!! Next Skin!
56
Why should you never abruptly stop taking metoprolol
Stopping a beta blocker abruptly can cause rebound hypertension
57
Nitroglycerin
Can primarily dilate veins but at higher doses dilate arteries as well
58
Nitroglycerin
Primarily dilates veins but at higher doses dilate arteries as well
59
Aspirin
Not usually for pain but for blood clots Anti inflammatory Anti pain Anti pyretic Anti platelet regurgitation Watch for gi bleeding Stomach pain tinnitus Thrombocytopenia
60
Clopidogrel (plavix)
“When platelets gather together use plavix for crowd control”
61
Echo is used to diagnose
Heart failure and valve disorders
62
PAD
Intermittent claudication pain No edema No pulse or weak pulse no drainage Round smooth sores Black eschar Loacation of sores toes and feet
63
PVD
Dull achy pain Lower leg edema Pulse present Drainage Sores with irregular borders Yellow slough or ruddy skin Location of ankles
64
When should you monitor for dysrhythmias ?
Furosemide (low potassium) PCA CCCA (cardiac cath)
65
surgical interventions for coronary artery disease
Cardiac cath CCCA PERCUTANEOUS transluminal interventions Coronary artery bypass
66
What is the PERCUTANEOUS coronary interventions?
PCTA , coronary artery stent
67
BNP
Lab for CHF
68
Digoxin
A fib a flutter, systolic Check apical pulse for 1min Call monitor tech to watch rhythm Watch potassium Digoxin toxcicity Avoid with pt with MI Digivine-antedote Hold if pulse is less than 60
69
CHF treatment
Upright position Nitrates LASIX Oxygen Ace inhibitor Digoxin Fluids(decrease) After load (decrease) Sodium restriction Test (digoxin level, ABGs, potassium levels)
70
DVT:virchows triead
Venous stasis Vessel wall injury altered blood coagulation
71
If you have a mechanical valve you are more than likely to take blank for the resto of your life
Anticoagulant- to prevent blood clots
72
Anticoagulants:
Warfarin ENOXAPARIN Heparin
73
When are you most at risk for digoxin channel blocker?
When you are low on potassium (common trigger hypokalemia)
74
ARBS-losartan
Good to use if intolerant to ace HTN, CHF
75
How does HTN affect vessels?
Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Inflammatory response
76
Eval of chest pain
Stress test Echo Cardiac cath
77
Cardiac cath post op
Assess Catheter site for bleeding or hematoma Check 5 ps Monitor dysrhythmias Bed rest 2-6 hrs Affected extremity straight HOB no greater than 30 Encourage fluid in take why? Safety!!
78
PTCA
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty Same pre op and post op as ccca
79
PCI Percutaneous coronary interventions
PTCA Coronary artery stent
80
What is acute coronary artery syndrome an umbrella term for
Unstable angina and MI
81
Skin hair and nail changes during PAD
Cool and pale White or blanched (when elevated) Rubor(reddish discoloration in dependent position) Loss of hair Brittle nails Dry shiny scaly skin Ulcerations Bruits Cyanosis Gangrenous
82
Venous insufficiency
Chronic venous stasis Edema Brownish discoloration Pain

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