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Perfusion Program Spring 2015 > CVPR 330 Blood / Lecture 1 / Ch 1 > Flashcards

CVPR 330 Blood / Lecture 1 / Ch 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of Blood ?

A 
- Delivers Oxygen, Hormones, 
  Nutrients, and Minerals.
- Removes waste products & 
  transports them to the lungs 
  kidneys and skin for excretion. 
- Hemostasis
- Primary carrier of immunity
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2
Q

The average adult Total Blood Volume

A

4-6 L which accounts for 7% of TBW.

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3
Q

Blood is composed of

A

– Plasma = 55%

– Formed Elements = 45%

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4
Q

Plasma is clear straw colored, viscous, and composed of

A 
• 90% water 
• 10% solids 
- Clotting Proteins
- Complement Proteins 
- Albumin
- Immunoglobulins
- Carbohydrates: Glucose 
- Electrolytes: Na+, K+, ect.
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5
Q

Formed Elements found in blood account for 45% of the composition of blood, what are they?

A
  • RBC (Erythrocytes)
  • WBC (Leukocytes)
  • Platelets (Thrombocytes)
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6
Q

Organelles within the cell?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi Complex
  • Ribosomes
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7
Q

Formed elements of the blood are cells with a very specific function. What are the elements that do NOT contain a nucleus?

A

• RBC and Platelets

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8
Q

Formed elements of the blood are cells with a very specific function. What are the elements that DO contain a nucleus?

A

• WBC

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9
Q

WBC depends upon ___ ___ to perform

its specialized function

A

protein synthesis

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10
Q

Blood Cell Production in the 3rd WEEK begins in ?

A

Yolk sac

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11
Q

Blood Cell Production in the 3rd MONTH begins in ?

A

Liver
Spleen
Thymus

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12
Q

Blood Cell Production in the 4th MONTH begins in ?

A

Bone Marrow

4115

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13
Q

The production of mature blood cells from primitive cells in the
bone marrow called?

A

Stem Cells

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14
Q

Hormonally controlled

Hematopoietic Growth Factors are also know as ?

A

cytokines

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15
Q

How many cells are produced daily?

A

1 Trillion

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16
Q

During Regulation of Hematopoiesis, Multipotent stem cells are influenced by cytokines and growth factors to differentiate into ?

A

Unipotential cells which ultimately become

mature blood cells

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17
Q

During Regulation of Hematopoiesis, Hormonal influence is exerted by?

A

– Cytokines (IL-#)
– Growth Factors (Il-#, CSF,
EPO, Thrombopoietins)
– Vitamins, metals amino acids

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18
Q

Erythrocytes

A

• Released from bone marrow
fully mature
• Cary Oxygen and CO2
• No Nucleus - No Cell division

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19
Q

A nucleated RBC would indicate what ?

A

extramedullary

hematopoiesis

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20
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Production of red blood cells by bone marrow

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21
Q

Decreased blood oxygen concentration detected by the kidneys would release what ?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO) is released from the

kidney’s peritubular cells

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22
Q

RBC Shape

A 
Biconcave Disk
– 7μ x 2μ
• Shape provides
maximum surface area for maximum gas
transfer.
• Flexible
• Traverse capillaries in
Rouleaux Formation
(single file)
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23
Q

RBC Life Span

A

120 days once the mature cell is released

into circulation

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24
Q

Reticulocytes

A

(immature RBC) found in

circulation after blood loss

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25
RBCs rupture when they die | – Pieces are removed by macrophages in
the liver and spleen
26
RBC particles are called
“ghosts” or “cell | stroma”
27
RBC quantity
4-6 Million RBC / μL
28
Pathologic states effecting RBC #
– Erythrocytosis | – Anemia
29
Erythrocytosis AKA
Polycythemia (Too many RBC)
30
Polycythemia Vera (AKA:
erythemia
31
Myeloproliferative disease
``` – Hct > 55% - This stem cell disorder, can lead to sludging in peripheral circulation. - Treatment = therapeutic donations ```
32
Anemia
Hct < 39 M Hct < 33 F not a blood disease but an indication of a disease process.
33
4 Causes of Anemia ?
- iron deficiency - vitamin deficiancy - hemolysis - autoimmune disease
34
How many molecules of Hgb are in each RBC?
300 MIllion
35
What is the only true cellular component of blood? | Why ?
- WBC | - they contain a nucleus
36
Hematopoiesis definition ?
production of mature blood cells from primitive cells in the bone marrow called Stem Cells.
37
The development of blood cells is under control of protein hormones called what ?
Hematopoietic growth factors
38
The development of stem cells in hematopoietic bone marrow is called what?
Intramedullary hematopoiesis
39
Through a process known a differentiation, stem cells develop into what?
Mature blood cells
40
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have two functions, what are they ?
1. ) Produce more stems cells | 2. ) Generate mature blood cells
41
Name the precursor to all blood cells?
Pluripotential Stem Cell
42
Pluripotential Stem Cells give rise to what two lines of cells?
1. ) Myeloid | 2. ) Lymphoid
43
Myeloid line differentiate into what other cells ?
- RBC - Platelets - WBC: Granulocytes & monocytes/ macrophages
44
Lymphoid line differentiate into what other cells ?
- T Lymphocytes | - B Lymphocytes
45
List the 3 steps of stem cell differentiation.
- Pluripotential - Multipotential - Unipotential
46
Hematopoiesis involves the differentiation of multipotential stem cells into ?
unipotential stem cells
47
Unipotential stem cells are committed into developing into a specific blood cell type and have lost what ?
Ability to self-Renew
48
Inflammatory response cytokines respond to Inflammation, tissue injury, and foreign matter. Name 3?
- Interlukins - Interferons - tumor necrosis factors
49
Interlukins (ILs) function ?
Affect and enhance the functions of mature blood cells.
50
Interferons (INFs) function ?
Essential in the immune response to viral antigens and also for white cell function.
51
tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) function ?
Help protect the body against malignant cells
52
G-CSF
Garnulocyte - Colony - Stimulating Factor
53
GM - CSF
Garnulocyte - macrophage - Colony - Stimulating Factor
54
There are 13 intelukin molecues, which ILs cause stem cells to produce precursers to RBC, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, & platelets?
IL-1 & IL-6
55
Used to describe all molecules responsible for the development of platelets from megakaryocytes. Give 3 examples ?
Thrombopoietins 1. ) IL-3 2. ) IL-6 3. ) GM-CSF
56
During fetal life, where is erythropoietin produced?
Liver | Continues to produce about 10% of this hormone after birth.
57
Other molecules necessary for blood cell development?
Vitamins: B12, folic acid Metals: Iron, Cobalt,Manganese Hormones: Thyroxin Amino acids
58
Yellow marrow
- 96% fat | - Not involved in hematopoiesis
59
Unlike yellow matter, Hematopoietic matter contains stem cells in its _____.
stroma, a spongy fibrous material. 25% solid material 75 % water
60
hematopoiesis that takes place in tissues other than bone marrow.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis, normal in the Embryo, and abnormal in the adult. If present in adult it is a sign of bone marrow malfunction. - Yolk sac - liver - spleen - thymus
61
Organ responsible for T lymphocyte development?
Thymus
62
At Birth = All bones produse blood | Adult = Only flat bones produce blood; what are they?
skull, sternum, ribs, pelvis, vertebrae
63
In the elderly hematopoietic marrow of the cranium becomes jelly like forming what is called ?
- gelatinous marrow & | - no longer plays a role in hematopoiesis.
64
Mature blood cells predominate in the circulation of healthy individuals. What can we expect to find in individuals with advanced diseases?
Immature and abnormal blood cells in greater quantities than mature blood cells.
65
Granulocytes are characterized by what ?
granules within their cytoplasm
66
Monocytes give rise to what ?
Macrophages
67
Leukocytes include the following:
``` Granulocytes: -Neutrophil -Eosinophil -Basophil Monocytes and Macrophages Lymphocytes ```

Perfusion Program Spring 2015 (7 decks)

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