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Pediatrics > CVPR Exam 2 > Flashcards

CVPR Exam 2 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

2-6 years old, sudden fever, refuses to eat, mouth hurts, muffled voice, drooling, insists on sitting up

A

Epiglottitis

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2
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia a in kids aged 1 month- 5 years

A

RSV

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3
Q

Most common cause of lower respiratory tract in children younger than one year

A

RSV

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4
Q

full term baby, tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, cyanosis on room air, intercostal muscle contraction

A

Transient tachypnea of the newborn: inadequate clearing of fetal lung fluid

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5
Q

Drugs used to treat TB?

A

ethambutol, isonazid, pyrazinamide, rifampin

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6
Q

Peaks in winter and early spring, recent URI, fever, cough and chest pain

A

Bronchitis, treatment is supportive

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7
Q

cold, fever, tough, no appetite, chest hurts, intercostal retractions, grunting, crackles

A

bacterial pneumonia

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8
Q

Most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in neonate?

A

e. coli, group B strep, M or C pneumonia, klebsiella

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9
Q

Most common cause of viral pneumonia in neonate?

A

Herpes or RSV

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10
Q

Most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in 1 month - 5 year old?

A

strep pneumoniae, H influenza, staph aureus

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11
Q

Most common cause of viral pneumonia in 1 month - 5 year old?

A

RSV!!!

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12
Q

Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia in school aged teens?

A

chlamydia and mycoplasma

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13
Q

Most common cause of bacteria pneumonia in school aged teens?

A

strep pneumoniae

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14
Q

Most common cause of viral pneumonia in school aged teens?

A

rhinovirus, influenza, adenovirus

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15
Q

forced expiration against party closed glottis?

A

Grunts

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16
Q

inspiratory sound of partly obstructed extra-thoracic airway

A

stridor

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17
Q

partial obstruction of the lower airway heard on exhalation

A

wheeze

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18
Q

fluid or secretion int he alveolar spaces that may clear with a cough

A

rhonchi

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19
Q

most common risk factor for children with OSA

A

adenotonsillar hypertrophy

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20
Q

cough that sounds like a seal?

A

croup

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21
Q

steeple sign on x-ray

A

croup

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22
Q

meconium staining

A

clue that baby was in respiratory distress before birth

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23
Q

red, dry, cracked lips, strawberry tongue, swollen red skin on palms and soles, peeling skin

A

Kawasaki Syndrome

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24
Q

this heart sound is normally split with inspiration and single on expiration in children

A

S2

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25
left to right shunt
Acyanotic heart defects
26
rough machinery murmur best heard at 2nd intercostal space of LSB, inferior to left clavicle, Decrescendo, often diastolic murmur at apex
patent ductus arteriousus
27
most common congenital heart defect
VSD: ventricular septal defect (second is the ASD)
28
systolic ejection click with wide S2 split, rough systolic murmur
pulmonary valve stenosis
29
systolic ejection murmur at aortic area along LLSB, heard best in left axilla and in left back
coarctation of the aorta
30
systolic crescendo-decrescendo
aortic stenosis
31
most common cause of HTN in children?
obesity, body size
32
better heard sitting, disappears in supine position and when child turns neck
venous hum, best heard in neck and upper chest
33
noisy, rough and dissonant, systolic murmur heard at 2nd intercostal space of LSB, S2 split in heard and varies with respiration, murmur is loudest supine and increases with exhale
pulmonary flow murmur (similar to ASD, if the S2 split is wide and fixed then think ASD)
34
systolic ejection low pitched murmur heard best at the LUSB, murmur transmitted to both infra-clavicular regions, axilla, and back
peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis murmur
35
heard best at apex and transmits to LLSB, medium pitched and musical, loudest when child is supine, may decrease when sitting up but does not go away entirely
Stills (vibratory) murmur
36
systolic murmur heard best in neck above the clavicles, radiates to neck and upper chest. Present both supine and sitting but disappears/diminishes with hyperextension of shoulders
supraclavicular systolic murmur or carotid bruit
37
friction rub w/ chest pain, leaning forward makes it feel better
acute pericarditis
38
most common cause of sudden death in young athletes
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
39
murmur heard with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
systolic murmur that gets louder with valsalva, rapid murmur makes it softer
40
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on ECG?
LVH, prominent Q waves, deep T wave inversion
41
extremely tender scrotal sac, absent cremasteric reflex, one teste higher than the other, scrotum is swollen and discolored
testicular torsion
42
Afebrile child with appetite decrease, stomach hurts, urine dipstick shows + leukocyte esterase, + nitrates, blood +1 and protein +1 (no casts seen on urine microscope)
UTI
43
intact foreskin, urinating "all over" the bathroom, physical exam shows urethral meatus in an abnormal location
hypospadias
44
unable to palpate testicles in male toddler, perhaps undecended
cryptorchidism
45
what is veisocoureteral reflux?
abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back up the ureters, increasing the risk of UTI which can cause ESRD if left untreated
46
Quick description of renal tubular acidosis
hyperchloremic, non-anion gap, metabolic acidosis
47
diabetes insipidus
inability of kidneys to concentrate urine d/t inappropriate ADH
48
What is Bartter Syndrome?
defect in furosemide sesitive Na-K-2Cl transporter leading to polyuria, dehydration, hypokalemic alkalosis
49
What syndrome is shown as: dehydration, constipation, vomiting, muscle weakness, polydipsia, polyuria, salt craving, urine Ca wasting, FTT, short stature, hyper reninemia, and no HTN, and diagnosed with polyhydramnios at birth
Bartter's Syndrome
50
What is Gitelman Syndrome?
similar to Bartter's but more mild, defect in thiazide sensitive NaCl transporter, high renin, no HTN, hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, low Mg levels
51
What is Liddle Sydrome?
HTN, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, primary increase in collecting duct Na reabsorption and K secretion
52
Hyper-Aldosternism?
hypokalemia and alkalosis + HTN
53
What is Wilm's tumor?
Nephroblastoma, the most common form of kidney cancer. Associatd with birth defects such as hypspadias and aniridia (absence of iris in the eye), peaks at age 3
54
most common cause of post infection glomerulonephritis?
group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
55
kidney problem in child 1-4 weeks after strep infection with coca-cola urine, abdominal pain and puffy face, red casts in urine
post-strep glomerulonephritis
56
What is alport syndrome?
thin basement membrane disease/benign familial hematuria disease, x linked inheritance of mutation of collagen
57
boy with nephritis, nerve deafness, eyes show corneal dystrophy and lens dislocation, urine shows hematuria, proteinuria
Alport Syndrome
58
What is hemolytic uremic syndrome?
most common cause of short term, acute renal failure in children. usually due to e. coli infection
59
How would a patient with hemolytic uremic syndrome present?
pale, listless, covered in bruises, edematous arms and lefts, elevated BP, dark urine with minimal output, bloody diarrhea, with proteinuria and hematuria
60
What is minimal change syndrome?
most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, relatively benign, characterized by diffuse effacement of foot processes/podocytes in glomerulus
61
Child presents with albumin in urine and edema, there is no hematuria, she recently had prophylactic immunizations when you treat with corticosteroids she quickly gets better, what did she have?
minimal change nephrotic syndrome (often occurs after immunizations or URI)
62
"active" urine sediments, red cell casts, leukocytes, presents clinically with hematuria, azotemia (diminished GFR, increased BUN/Cr), mild to moderate proteinuria, HTN, acute onset, oliguria (not enough pee)
nephritic syndrome
63
Foul smelling greasy stool?
CF
64
Is single S2 normal in children?
no, could be TGA
65
rough machinery mumur, best heart at 2nd intercostal space of LSB, inferior to L clavicle, Decrescendo, often diastolic at apex
PDA
66
pansystolic murmur along LLSB, 4th intercostal space
VSD, if large VSD the murmur may be palpable S2 with accented P2 and may be diastolic at apex and the child will look ill , SOB, FTT, have prominent precordium and bulging sternum
67
What is the most common heart defect in Turner's Syndrome?
coarctation of the aorta
68
What is used to keep patent ductus arteriosus open?
prostoglandins
69
What is the definitive test for acute pericarditis?
echo

Pediatrics (1 decks)

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