CVS Flashcards
(45 cards)
What are the drugs that end in -pril? (i.e. Enalapril)
ACE inhibitors
How do ACE inhibitors work?
- Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and prevent aldosterone dependent reabsorption of salt and water.
- Basically they reduce blood pressure by reducing excess salt and water retention
What are some side effects of taking ACE inhibitors?
- Chronic cough primarily but others too…
- Oral lichenoid reactions
- Postural hypotension (may effect when sitting patients up in the chair)
WHat should you be mindful of when prescribing NSAIDs (i.e ibuprofen, aspirin..) to someone on ACE inhibitors?
The interaction could reduce the anti-hypertensive effect as well as increase the risk of acute renal injury.
What are the drugs that end in -artan? (i.e Losartan, candesartan…)
Angiotensin II blockers
What is the mode of action of angiotensin II blockers?
Similar to how ACE inhibitors work EXCEPT; ACE inhibitors inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, while the ARBs antagonize receptor binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors.
What are some side effects of ARBs?
Renal impairment, cough, postural hypotension
What should you be mindful of prescribing for someone taking ARBs?
NSAIDs
What drugs (most often but not always) end in -ipine? (i.e Amlodipine, Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem..)
Calcium channel blockers
What is the mode of action of calcium channel blockers?
Calcium channel blockade affects smooth muscle and results in vasodilation and a reduction in heart rate (useful in treating some arrhythmias).
Which of the CCBs are more are more active on peripheral blood vessels compared with ones that are more active on the heart muscle?
Some drugs are more active on peripheral blood vessels (-ipines) and others are more active on the heart muscle (verapamil, diltiazem)
What are some dental implications of a patient taking calcium channel blockers?
gingival hyperplasia, postural hypotension
What antibiotic should you be cautious of prescribing for a patient on calcium channel blockers?
Macrolides
What bendroflumethiazide and furosemides?
Diuretics
Bendroflumethiazide
Thiazide diuretic
Furosemide
Loop diuretic
Thiazide compared with loop diuretics and indications for both
Thiazides are used to relieve oedema due to chronic heart failure and, in lower doses, to reduce blood pressure. Loop diuretics are used in pulmonary oedema due to left ventricular failure and in patients with chronic heart failure.
Mode of action of diuretics
- Used in Hypertension and for heart failure.
- Increase salt and water LOSS leading to reduced plasma volume and therefore reduced cardiac workload
What are some side effects of diuretics use?
SE: can lead to Na+/K+
imbalance if not monitored carefully
Dental: Dry Mouth
What are the drugs ending in -olol? (i.e. bisoprolol, propranolol, atenolol…)
Beta-blockers
Mode of action for beta-blockers
Beta-blockers work by blocking beta receptors, hindering the effects of adrenaline. This reduces heart rate and blood pressure, making them effective for conditions like hypertension and anxiety. Picture beta-blockers as “stress shields” that calm the heart’s response to adrenaline, like a protective barrier against excessive excitement and high blood pressure.
Uses of beta blockers
Used in management of IHD, Hypertension AND Arrhythmias.
Stop arrhythmias leading to cardiac arrest (Ventricular fibrillation – VF). They prevent increase in heart rate by reducing heart muscle excitability.
Side effects of beta blockers
worsen asthma, postural hypotension
Drugs that end in -statin (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin etc)
HMG coA Reductase inhibitors
