CVS

Question 1

Gold standard for diagnosing Cor pulmonale

Answer 1

Catheterization: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure

Question 2

_______ is used to diagnose suspected renal artery stenosis or suspected renovascular disease

Answer 2

captopril enhanced radionuclide renal scan

Question 3

CHA2 DS2 VASc score used for

Answer 3

atrial fibrillation

Question 4

______ lowers the rate of recurrent pericarditis

Answer 4

colchicine

Question 5

Acute pericarditis treatment
1st line:
2nd line:

Answer 5

1st line: NSAIDs/Colchicine

2nd line: Prednisone

Question 6

Maximal heartrate in sinus tachycardia can be determined by _____

Answer 6

(beats/min = 220 - age)

Question 7

Atrial flutter origin

Answer 7

atrial flutter involves a reentrant circuit around tricuspid annulus, with slowing of impulse through a region known as cavotricuspid isthmus.

Question 8

Diagnosis of vasovagal syncope is _____

In uncertain cases _____

Answer 8

Clinical

• upright tilt table testing

Question 9

Symptoms of vasovagal syncope improves with

Answer 9

supine position with legs raised

Question 10

Immediate defibrillation required in?

Answer 10

VF

pulseless VT

Question 11

Synchronized cardioversion required in?

Answer 11

persistent, narrow or wide QRS complex tachyarrythmias (A Fib, A flut, VT with a pulse) causing hemodynamic instability

Question 12

comotio cordis

Answer 12

athletes without prior cardiac condition can develop fatal ventricular fib after sudden blunt chest trauma

Question 13

Arrhythmia diagnostic of digoxin toxicity:

Answer 13

Atrial tachycardia with AV block

Question 14

_____ is useful in the management of cocaine induced coronary vasospasm.

Answer 14

Benzodiazepines

Question 15

Guidelines for PCI in acute STEMI

Answer 15

• within 12 hours of symptoms onset
• within 90 mins from medical contact to device time at PCI-capable facility
OR
• within 120 minutes from first medical contact to device at a non-PCI-capable facility

Question 16

Mechanism of periinfarction ventricular arrythmias:

Answer 16

within 10 mins: immediate or phase 1a → reentrant arrhythmias
within 10-60 mins: delayed or phase 1b arrhythmias → abnormal automaticity

Question 17

Treatment of cholesterol crystal embolism

Answer 17

• Supportive

* Reinforces use of statin therapy

Question 18

cholesterol crystal embolism vs dye induced nephropathy

Answer 18

cholesterol crystal embolism: persistent renal failure >2 weeks
DYE INDUCED: resolves in <1 week (begins to resolve within 3-5 days)

Question 19

Treatment of Peripheral artery disease

Answer 19

Supervised graded exercise + low grade asprin + statins

Smoking cessation, aggressive DM control (HbA1c<7) and BP control

Question 20

heparin vs warfarin in PAD?

Answer 20

heparin in acute

warfarin has no role in chronic management of PAD

Question 21

treatment of peri-infarction pericarditis and contraindication?

Answer 21

Supportive, Acetaminophen for pain

avoid NSAIDs/ steroids for 7 days to avoid risk of free wall rupture

Question 22

PIP is best prevented by?

Answer 22

early coronary reperfusion

Question 23

patient presenting in the emergency department with chest pain and suspected ACS should be administered ______ as soon as possible.

Answer 23

Asprin

Question 24

Treatment of
STEMI
NSTEMI

Answer 24

STEMI: Emergency catheterization or thrombolysis

NSTEMI: appropriate anticoagulation

Question 25

INR for mechanical aortic valve

Answer 25

2-3

Question 26

treatment of pericarditis? temporary: Refractory:

Answer 26

Temporary relief: diuretics | Refractory: pericardiectomy

Question 27

Survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma present with _____ after _____ years.

Answer 27

constrictive pericarditis | 10 - 20 years

Question 28

Treatment of WPW syndrome Contraindication:

Answer 28

hemodynamically unstable: immediate electrical cardioversion stable: RYTHM control (ibutilide/ procainamide) Contraindication: rythm control

Question 29

1st degree heart block management:

Answer 29

Normal QRS complex: Observation Broad QRS complex: Electrophysiologic testing to determine the site of conduction delay

Question 30

Importance of vagal maneuvers in AV block:

Answer 30

Determine the level of block as they have affect on AV node but no effect on the bundle of His

Question 31

Coronary artery typically involved. Papillary muscle rupture: interventricular septum defect:

Answer 31

PMR: RCA IVSD: LAD-apical. RCA-basal