CVS Drugs Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the main effects of diuretics on the kidneys?
Block Na reabsorption by the kidneys.
What are the two types of Diuretics? Give two examples.
- Thiazide- Bendroflumethiazide. Mild, used in Hypertension.
- Loop- Furosemide. Stronger, used in Heart failure
What are the common side effects/clinical manifestations of Diuretics?
- Hypokalaemia (reduced Na, reduced K)- tiredness, Arrhythmias
- Hyperglycaemia- diabetes
- Uric acid- Gout
What is the action mechanism and wanted effects of B blockers? (2 types)
- Cardioselective B1 blockers- reduce HR and oxygen demand from the heart by reducing renin release
- Non selective- Block B1 & B2- reduced HR and force of contraction
Give an example of each type of B blocker and their usage.
- Cardioselective- B1.
Eg Atenolol- Used in Angina, Hypertension, heart failure
- Non selective- B1+2
Eg Propanolol- Used in Thyrotoxicosis
B blockers should never be used in _ patients. What are its other side effects?
Asthma- B2 adrenoceptors cause bronchodilatoin in airway SM. Blocking these= Bronchoconstriction
Others
- Tired
- Heart failure- can make it worse in short term, good long term
- Cold peripheries
Two types of Calcium antagonists? Give an example and use for each type.
- Dihydropyridines- Amlodipine. Used in Hypertension, angina
- Rate limitng Ca antagonists- Verapamil- Same use + AF, SVT
Side effects of each type of Ca blocker?
- Dihydropyridine- Ankle oedema
- Rate limitng Ca antagonist- Avoid with B blocker
What are the effects of a blockers? Give an example, use and side effect
Block a adrenoceptors= Vasodilation
Eg Doxacozin- h.tension, prostatic hypertrophy
Side effect -Postural hypotension
What are the effects of ACEI’s? Give an example, uses and side effect.
Block conversion of Angiotensin I- Angiotension II.
Lisinopril- Use- H.tension, Heart failure
Side effects- Cough, Renal dysfunction, angioneurotic oedema
ACE inhibitors must never be used in what type of hypertension?
Pregnancy Induced hypertension
If a patient gets a bad cough due to ACE, they should be given a _. What is _’s action mechanism? Give an example.
ARB- Block Angiotension II receptors.
Eg Losartan
Side effects of ARB’s?
No cough
Renal dysfunction
Again Never use in Pregnancy induced hypertension
Nitrates have a _ effect.
They are used in _ and _.
Eg is _
Side effects include _ and _.
Vasodilatory
Angina & Acute HF
Isosorbide Mononitrate
Headache & Hypotension/Collapse
Antiplatelet drugs prevent _. Give 4 examples.
New Thrombosis
Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, Prasugrel
What conditions are anti-platelets used in? What are some side effects ?
- MI
- Angina
- CVA/TIA
Side effects
- Haemorrhage
- Peptic ulcer- haemorrhage
- Asthma- aspirin sensitivity
Another type of drugs that prevents new thrombosis are _.
Give 4 examples and their mechanism
What conditions are they used for?
Anticoagulants
- Heparin- Block clotting factors (2,7,9,10)
- Warfarin–Block clotting factors (2,7,9,10)
- Rivoroxiban- factor Xa inhibitor
- Dabigatran- Thrombin factor IIa inhibitor
DVT, PE, SNTEMI, AF
Two types of Anti-cholesterol drugs?
- Statins- HMG co-reductase inhibition. Simvastatin, Atorvastatin.
Use- Hypercholesterolaemia, Angina,MI, Diabetes
- Fibrates- Bezafibrate
Used in low HDL cholesterol, hyper-triglyceridaemia
What are the anti-arrhythmics used for the following types-
- Supraventricular arrhythmias
- Ventricular/ SVT’s
- Long acting
- Adenosie- acute phase
- Amiadarone, B blocker, Flecainide
- Amiadarone
Side effects- phototoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis
What are the two effects of Digoxin? Other side effects? (3)
- Blocks AV conduction- increases nodal delay. Good for AF. Excessive- heart block, bradycardia
- Increases ventricular irritability- VT’s. Always bad.
Other side effects- nausea, vomiting, yellow vision.
