CVS PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

Bendroflumethiazide

Indapamide

Answer 1

Thiazides

Inhibit Na/Cl co-transporter in DCT

Question 2

Bumetanide

Furosemide

Answer 2

Loop diuretic

Inhibition of Na/K/2Cl (NKCC) co-transporter in DCT

Question 3

Amiloride

Answer 3

Potassium sparing diuretic

Block ENaC

Question 4

Spironolactone

Answer 4

Aldosterone antagonist

Question 5

Flecainide

Lidocaine

Answer 5

Class I antiarrhythmic

Na channel blockers

Question 6

Bisoprolol

Answer 6

Class II antiarrhythmic

beta adrenoceptor blockers

Question 7

Amiodarone

Sotalol

Answer 7

Class III antiarrhythmic

K channel blockers

Question 8

Diltiazem

Verapamil

Answer 8

Class IV antiarrhythmic

Ca channel blockers

Question 9

Adenosine

Answer 9

K current activation in SAN and AVN

Question 10

Atropine

Answer 10

Muscarinic antagonist

Question 11

Digoxin

Answer 11

Inhibition of Na/K/ATPase

Question 12

Ivabradine

Answer 12

Inhibition of If (funny current) in SAN

Question 13

Labetalol

Propranolol

Answer 13

Beta adrenoceptor blockers

Question 14

Doxazosin

Answer 14

Alpha adrenoceptor blockers

Question 15

Lisinopril

Ramipril

Answer 15

ACE inhibitors

Question 16

Candesartan

Losartan

Answer 16

Angiotensin Receptor blockers (ARB)

Question 17

GNT spray

Isosorbide mononitrate

Answer 17

Nitrates

Soluble guanylyl cyclase activation - elevate cGMP - vasodilation

Question 18

Amlodipine
Diltiazem
Verapamil

Answer 18

Calcium channel blockers

L-type- tissue selective

Question 19

Warfarin

Answer 19

Vit K antagonist

Vit K epoxide reductase inhibition

Question 20

Unfractionated heparin

Answer 20

Inhibition of active clotting factors - XIIa, XIa, IXa, Xa, and II (thrombin)

Question 21

Dateparin

Enoxaparin

Answer 21

LMWH

Inhibition of active clotting factor Xa

Question 22

Fondaparinux

Answer 22

Synthetic pentasaccharide

Inhibition of active clotting factor Xa

Question 23

Apixaban

Rivaroxaban

Answer 23

Direct acting oral anticoagulant

Inhibition of active clotting factor Xa

Question 24

Argatroban

Dabigatran

Answer 24

Direct thrombin inhibitors

Inhibition of active clotting factor IIa (thrombin)

Question 25

Protamine sulphate

Answer 25

Heparin reversal | binds to heparin --> inactive

Question 26

Vit K1 | Prothrombin complex concentrate

Answer 26

Warfarin reversal | Promotes production of clotting factors

Question 27

Aspirin

Answer 27

Antiplatelet | Reduction of TXA2 synthesised by COX-1 inhibition

Question 28

Dipyridamole

Answer 28

Antiplatelet Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Inhibition of adenosine reuptake in platelets

Question 29

Clopidogrel | Ticagrelor

Answer 29

Antiplatelet | P2Y12 receptor antagonists

Question 30

Abciximab

Answer 30

Antiplatelet | Irreversible binding of GPIIb/IIIa receptors

Question 31

Alteplase | Reteplase

Answer 31

Fibrinolytic | Binds to and activates plasmin to plasminogen

Question 32

Tranexamic acid

Answer 32

Anti-fibrinolytics | Inhibits activation of plasminogen from plasmin

Question 33

Atorvastatin | Simvastaton

Answer 33

Statins (lipid lowering) Inhibit rate limiting step of mevalonate pathway HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Question 34

Fenofibrate

Answer 34

Fibrates (lipid lowering) | PPAR-alpha activation

Question 35

Ezetimibe

Answer 35

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors (Lipid lowering) | NPC1L1 transporter inhibition

Question 36

Niacin

Answer 36

``` Nicotinic acid (lipid lowering) Inhibition of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase -2 ```

Question 37

Alirocumab | Evolocumab

Answer 37

``` PCSK9 inhibitors (Lipid lowering) Monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the PCSK9 enzyme ```