CVS_2019

Question 1

The presence of an S4 heart sound means ?

Answer 1

S4 heart sound can be an important sign of:
diastolic heart failure or
active ischemia
and is rarely a normal finding.

Diastolic heart failure frequently results from severe left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) resulting in impaired relaxation (compliance) of the LV.

Also, if a person is actively having myocardial ischemia, adequate ATP can’t be synthesized to allow for the release of myosin from actin, thus the myocardium is not able to relax and a S4 will be present.

Question 2

What causes an S4 heart sound?

Answer 2

Active filling into a non-compliant left ventricle

Question 3

What effect does severe systemic hypertension have on the S2 heart sound? **

Answer 3

Increased intensity

Question 4

A left bundle branch block causes which heart sound?**

Answer 4

A paradoxically split S2 heart sound

Question 5

Severe aortic stenosis has which two effects on the S2 heart sound? **

Answer 5

Decreased intensity and paradoxical splitting

Question 6

A mid-systolic sound that moves earlier with standing from a squatting position represents which heart sound?

Answer 6

The click of mitral valve prolapse