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Cxc Syl Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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2
Q

What are the properties of solids?

A

Fixed shape and volume, tightly packed particles

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3
Q

What are the properties of liquids?

A

Fixed volume, no fixed shape, particles flow

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4
Q

What are the properties of gases?

A

No fixed shape or volume, particles spread out

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5
Q

Name the changes of state.

A

Melting, boiling, condensation, freezing, sublimation

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6
Q

What are the subatomic particles and their charges?

A

Proton +1, Neutron 0, Electron -1

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7
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Number of protons

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8
Q

What is the mass number?

A

Protons + Neutrons

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9
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made of one type of atom

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10
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance formed from chemically combined elements

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11
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more substances physically combined

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12
Q

What do groups in the periodic table represent?

A

Elements with similar properties

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13
Q

What do periods in the periodic table show?

A

Number of energy levels

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14
Q

What are alkali metals?

A

Group I elements

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15
Q

What are halogens?

A

Group VII elements

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16
Q

What are noble gases?

A

Group 0 elements

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17
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Transfer of electrons between metal and non-metal

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18
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

Sharing of electrons between non-metals

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19
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

Positive ions in a sea of electrons

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20
Q

What are state symbols in equations?

A

(s), (l), (g), (aq)

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21
Q

Why must chemical equations be balanced?

A

To obey the law of conservation of mass

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22
Q

What is a mole?

A

6.02 × 10²³ particles

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23
Q

What is molar mass?

A

Mass of one mole of a substance

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24
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Relative Atomic Mass

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25
What is the composition of air?
78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% other gases
26
How is water purified?
Filtration and chlorination
27
What is the test for oxygen?
Relights a glowing splint
28
What is the test for hydrogen?
Burns with a pop sound
29
What is the test for carbon dioxide?
Turns limewater milky
30
What is the pH range for acids?
Less than 7
31
What is the pH range for bases?
Greater than 7
32
What is a neutralisation reaction?
Acid + base → salt + water
33
Name three indicators.
Litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl orange
34
What is oxidation?
Gain of oxygen or loss of electrons
35
What is reduction?
Loss of oxygen or gain of electrons
36
What does OIL RIG mean?
Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain (of electrons)
37
What are alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds
38
What are alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bonds
39
What is the test for unsaturation?
Bromine water turns colourless
40
What is the functional group of alcohols?
-OH
41
What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
-COOH
42
What is esterification?
Acid + alcohol → ester + water
43
Which metals are most reactive?
Potassium, Sodium, Calcium
44
Which metals are least reactive?
Gold, Platinum
45
What is displacement?
A more reactive metal replaces a less reactive one
46
How are unreactive metals found?
In their native state
47
How are reactive metals extracted?
By electrolysis
48
How are moderately reactive metals extracted?
By reduction with carbon
49
What is electrolysis?
Breaking down compounds using electricity
50
What is the anode?
Positive electrode
51
What is the cathode?
Negative electrode
52
What is the Haber process equation?
N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃
53
What are the conditions for the Haber process?
450°C, 200 atm, iron catalyst
54
What is the Contact process equation?
SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ SO₃
55
What are fossil fuels?
Coal, oil, natural gas
56
What is complete combustion?
Fuel + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
57
What is produced in incomplete combustion?
Carbon monoxide (CO)
58
What are polymers?
Large molecules from monomers
59
What is addition polymerisation?
Joining of alkenes to form polymers
60
Why are plastics a problem?
They are non-biodegradable and pollute the environment

Chemistry (5 decks)

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