CXR

Question 1

Most common view for CXR

Answer 1

Posterior-anterior (PA)

Question 2

Other views

Answer 2

AP

Lateral

Question 3

View/orientation that makes anterior structures appear larger

Answer 3

Anterior posterior (AP)

Question 5

Lateral views are best for

Answer 5

Pathologies behind the heart shadow or deep in the diaphragmatic sulci

Question 6

First thing on interpretation

Answer 6

Name, date, orientation

Question 7

Lung fields

Answer 7

Translucency - equal?
Horizontal fissure - from the right hilum to 6th rib at the anterior axillaire line
Masses
Consolidation 
Cavitation

Question 8

Lung apices

Answer 8

Check behind the clavicles and above for: masses, consolidation and cavitation

Question 9

Trachea

Answer 9

Central: midway between the clavicules heads
Deviated by collapse (towards the lesion) or expansion (away from the lesion)
Paratracheal mass
Goitre - retrosternal

Question 10

Heart

Answer 10

Shape
Cardiothoracic ratio <50%
Retrocardiac mass

Question 11

Hila

Answer 11

Left should be higher than right
Shape - should be concave laterally
Convex laterally - lymphadenopathy it’s mass
Density

Question 12

Diaphragm

Answer 12

Right higher than left

Hyperinflation - at most 10 posterior ribs should be visible above the diaphragm

Question 13

Costophrenic angles

Answer 13

Acute and well defined

If not - pleural fluid or thickening

Question 14

Soft tissues

Answer 14

Breast shadows in females

Chest wall for masses or subcutaneous emphysema

Question 15

Bones

Answer 15

Ribs, vertebrae, scapulae and clavicles

Any fracture visible at bone margins or lucencies

Question 16

Increased shadowing

Answer 16

Accumulation of fluid, lobar collapse and consolidation

Question 17

Air bronchogram

Answer 17

Patent proximal bronchi

Question 18

Uncomplicated consolidation

Answer 18

Position of mediastinum unaffected

Question 19

Collapse

Answer 19

Obstructed lobar bronchus

Accompanied by loss of volume and displacement of the mediastinum towards the affected side

Question 20

Bronchiectasis

Answer 20

Ring shadows - thickened bronchi seen end-on
Tram line shadows - thickened bronchi seen side-on
Tubular shadows - bronchi filled with secretions

Question 21

Most sensitive test for bronchiectasis

Answer 21

CT

Question 22

Large pulmonary embolism

Answer 22

Lung fields abnormally dark due to oligaemia

Question 23

Increased translucency

Answer 23

Bullae
Pneumothorax
Oligaemia

Question 24

Unilateral hilar enlargement

Answer 24

TB
Bronchial carcinoma
Lymphoma

Question 25

Bilateral hilar enlargement

Answer 25

Sarcoid
Lymphoma
TB
Silicosis

Question 26

Consolidation seen in:

Answer 26

Infection Infarction Inflammation Bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma

Question 27

Lobar collapse seen in:

Answer 27

Mucus plugging Tumour Compression by lymph nodes

Question 28

Multiple modules seen in:

Answer 28

``` Miliary TB Dust inhalation Metastatic malignancy Healed varicella pneumonia Rheumatoid disease ```

Question 29

Cavitating lesions seen in:

Answer 29

``` Tumour Abscess Infarct Pneumonia: Staphylococcus/Klebsiella Granulomatosis with polyangitis ```

Question 30

Reticular, nodular and reticulonodular shadows seen in:

Answer 30

Diffuse parenchymal lung disease | Infection

Question 31

Pleural abnormalities seen in:

Answer 31

Fluid Plaques Tumor

Question 32

Order of intepretation

Answer 32

``` Name, date, orientation Lung fields Lung apices Trachea Heart Hila Diaphragm Costophrenic angles Soft tissues Bones ```

Question 33

Silhouette sign

Answer 33

Loss of border between heart and lung signifying pneumonia or collapse causing loss of clarity of the right heart border

Question 34

Hyperinflation

Answer 34

5 to 7 ribs visible anteriorly or 10 posteriorly | Seen in COPD