Cyber

Question 1

Whats the CIA Triad?

Answer 1

Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

Question 2

CIA Triad - What is confidentiality?

Answer 2

Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorised to have access

Question 3

CIA Triad - What is Integrity?

Answer 3

Protecting information from being altered by unauthorised parties

Question 4

CIA Triad - What is Availability?

Answer 4

Ensuring that information and resources are available when needed

Question 5

What is the OSI 7 layer model?

Answer 5

The OSI Model describes how data travels from a physical medium to an application on a network

Question 6

Whats are the 7 layers in the OSI model?

Answer 6

Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application

Question 7

What does the physical layer do?

Answer 7

Deals with the hardware and transmission of raw data (e.g., cables, switches)

Question 8

What does the Data Link layer do?

Answer 8

Handles MAC addresses, switches, and error detection

Question 9

What does the Network layer do?

Answer 9

Routes data using IP addresses (e.g., routers)

Question 10

What does the Transport layer do?

Answer 10

Ensures reliable data transfer with protocols like TCP and UDP

Question 11

What does the Session layer do?

Answer 11

Manages sessions or connections between applications

Question 12

What does the Presentation layer do?

Answer 12

Translates data formats (e.g., encryption, compression)

Question 13

What does the Application layer do?

Answer 13

Interfaces with the end-user (e.g., HTTP, FTP)

Question 14

What is the TCP/IP Stack?

Answer 14

Link, Internet, Transport, and Application

Question 15

Name 4 common networking protocols

Answer 15

HTTP/HTTPS, FTP/SFTP, SSH, DNS

Question 16

What is Public Key Cryptography?

Answer 16

Involves a pair of keys: a public key (shared openly) and a private key (kept secret)

Question 17

What is SQL Injection?

Answer 17

Exploiting user input fields to inject malicious SQL commands

Question 18

What is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)?

Answer 18

Injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users

Question 19

What is Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)?

Answer 19

Forcing a user to execute unwanted actions on a web application where they’re authenticated.

Question 20

What is the 5 steps to a Penetration attack?

Answer 20

Reconnaissance (Gathering target into), Scanning (Identifying open ports), Exploitation (attempting the exploit), Post-Exploitation (assessing the impact), Reporting.

Question 21

3 Types of Attacks?

Answer 21

Social Engineering, DDoS (Distributed Denial), Man-in-the-Middle

Question 22

What is the windows registry?

Answer 22

A hierarchical database storing configuration settings and options for the operating system and applications

Question 23

What is the windows Event Logs?

Answer 23

It logs events like logins, system errors, application failures, and security events

Question 24

Name some forensics tools

Answer 24

Autopsy for disk and file system analysis; Volatility for memory analysis

Question 25

What does RAM Analysis do?

Answer 25

Focuses on extracting volatile information such as active processes, open network connections, loaded drivers, and encryption keys

Question 26

What does the 7 layer OSI model do?

Answer 26

It describes how data travels from a physical medium to an application on a network