cycle 2 Flashcards
(48 cards)
1
Q
structure defines
A
function
2
Q
human brain has about
A
100 billion neurons
10 elevado a 11
3
Q
- Connectivity is related to……………..
A
function
4
Q
- the basic circuit is a hierarchy of ……….
A
multiple parallel loops
5
Q
- a universal function possessed by all brains is to…………..
A
move the body
6
Q
- according to Benoit Mandelbrot, fractal geometry is…….
A
the geometry of deterministic chaos
7
Q
- any piece of the fractal geometric contains……………
A
a miniature of the entire design
8
Q
- sensory information passes through……….
A
the thalamus
9
Q
- the thalamus is under the control of……….
A
neocortical feedback
10
Q
- the strictly parallel loops in the basal ganglia and cerebellum are mainly………..
A
inhibitory
11
Q
- in simple brains, there are few neuronal steps between…………
A
sensation and action
12
Q
- the same physical imput can evoke very different……
A
outputs in complex brains
13
Q
- depending on the (……..) in which the stimulus is presented
A
context
14
Q
- startle reflex is an…………..
A
involuntary reaction to a sudden unexpected stimulus
15
Q
- startle reflex involves…………..
A
flexion of most skeletal muscle
16
Q
- startle reflex involves…………..
A
variety of visceral reactions ½ activation of paleocircuits
17
Q
- the latency of the acoustic startle reflex in the rat is ………..
A
8 millisegonds
18
Q
33.human brain has about………
A
100 billion o 10elevado11 neurons
19
Q
33.the number of contact between neurons is ………….
A
200 trillion o 2por10elevado14
20
Q
33.the structural links between neurons are………
A
synapses
21
Q
- synapses allow communication……….
A
unidirectional
22
Q
- the most prevalent neuronal type of the cerebral cortex…………
A
the pyramidal cell
23
Q
- the pyramidal cell has postsynaptic receiving sites number of……..
A
5.000 – 50.000
24
Q
- the brain uses the 20 %
A
of oxygen and energy nutrients of the body
25
35. a graph is a symbolic representation of a ………….
network
26
35. a node(vertex) is a………..
terminal point
intersection point
27
35. nodes are connected....
by edges
links
axons
28
paul erdos / alfred renyi
how we can connect 50 nodes/neurons?
1.225 all-to-all connections?
using just
98
randomly placed links
a mere 8%
29
for 1000 neurons only (....)
percent
of all possible combinations are needed to connect every one.
1 percent
30
we can get fron any neuron to any other neuron
matematically
through just
three synapses
31
most connections among neurons are
(..................)
in most brain structures
LOCAL
32
37. There is two organization principles
1.
the degree of local clustering
2.
synaptic path lenght
(degree of separaton between
the distant parts of the brain)
33
37.
random connections
can shrink ....
the degrees of separation
34
37.
the degree of local connections
increases
the clustering effect
35
37.
reduced computational speed
is due....
to
axon conduction delays
36
37. one consequence
of decreased interconnectedness
in larger brains
is....
increased
secregation
of the neuronal pool.
37
37.
collective dynamics
of the
"Small-World"
network
by
Watts (2003)
combine
the advantages of
REGULAR LOCAL ORGANIZATION
and
RANDOM WIRING
38
37. (small-word network)
synaptic path lenght is
(...............) in local network
(.......) in random network
LONGEST
SHORTEST
39
37. (small-word network)
with increasing numbers of neurons
the proportion of long-range connections required
to keep the synaptip path lenght constant
dramatically......
DECREASES
40
38.
the average fraction of neighbors directly connected to each other is called ......
THE CLUSTERING COEFFICIENT
41
39.
the connections in scale free network obey
a statical rule called
THE
POWER
LAW
Barabasi´s bestseller Linked (2002)
42
40
the size of the brain
is distributed creating a
bell-shaped curve
know as.....
NORMAL
GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION
43
40.
the central limit theorem
demostrate that,
in large enough samples,
the distribution of a sample mean
aproximates.....
A NORMAL
BELL-SHAPED CURVE
44
40. (POWER LAW STATISTICS)
there is no (...........) at an average value.
A select small group can have...........
PEAK
THE LARGEST EFFECT
45
40. (POWER LAW STATISTICS)
The small ocurrences are extremely............
whereas large instances are........
COMMON
RARE
46
41.
small- world
and
scale-free
architectures
are fundamentally
SIMILAR
47
42.
the Tensegrity concept (tension-integrity)
was created by Richard Buckminster Fuller
1940
robust and scalable GEODESIC design
made by.....
contiguous triangles or hexagons
on a spherical surface
48
42. tensegrity
The continuous pull (convergence) is balanced
by the discontinuous push (divergence)
producing an (.............)
