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5th yr- CMS2- Facial trauma > cysts > Flashcards

cysts Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

What is a cyst

A

A pathological epilethial lined cavity within tissues

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1
Q

what is a cyst

A

A pathological epilethial lined cavity within tissues

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2
Q

What is a sebaceous cyst

A

A cyst that overlies a gland

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3
Q

How can we categorise cysts

A

As hard or soft tissue cysts

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4
Q

How can we further classify hard tissue cysts

A
  1. Odontogenic
  2. non odontogenic
  3. Non epithelialised (technical not cysts)
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5
Q

What can soft tissue cysts be further classified into

A

Developmental
Non developmental

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6
Q

Define odontogenic cysts

A

Cysts that arise from tooth forming tissues

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7
Q

Give examples of tooth forming tissues

A
  1. Enamel organ
  2. Follicle
  3. Epithelial cell rest
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8
Q

Give examples of odontogenic cysts from most to least common

A
  1. Radicualr cyst (70%)
  2. Dentigerous cyst (15%)
  3. Keratocyst (10%)
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9
Q

How common are odontogenic cysts

A

Very common

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10
Q

How can we classify odontogenic cysts

A
  1. Inflammatory
  2. Non inflammatory
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11
Q

Give examples of inflammatory cysts

A
  1. Radicular
  2. Residual
  3. Paradental
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12
Q

Give examples of non inflammatory cysts

A
  1. Dentigerous
  2. Keratocyst
  3. Lateral periodontal
  4. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
  5. Glandular odontogenic cyst
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13
Q

How do cysts usually present

A

As asymptomatic incidental findings on a radiograph

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14
Q

What can odontogenic cysts be associated with

A

Slow Swelling
Movement or migration teeth
Failure of tooth eruption

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15
Q

What can happen to a cyst that is not treated

A

Can become infected causing pain or swelling

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16
Q

How do cysts present on a radiograph

A

Typically well defined corticated radiolucencies
May be unilocular or multilocular

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17
Q

When we describe a cyst as well defined on a radiograph what do we mean

A

You can see an obvious difference between surrounding bone and the cyst cavity

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18
Q

When we describe a cyst as corticated on a radiograph what do we mean

A

We can see a line of more dense bone around the cyst

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19
Q

Why are cysts a problem

A
  1. They grow
  2. They can move and damage teeth
  3. They can move or damage structures eg inferior alveolar nerve
  4. They can become infected
  5. They can weaken bone and cause a pathological fracture
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20
Q

Name the most common cyst dentist encounter

A

Periapical cysts

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21
Q

What is another term for periapical cysts

A

Inflammatory periapical cysts

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22
Q

Where do periapical cysts arise from

A

Cell rests that are activated by chronic inflammation (eg dead tooth)

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23
Q

How do periapical cysts form

A

Carious tooth may have chronic inflammation at the root which can lead to proliferation of epithelial cell rests around the apex of the tooth
these expand to form a ball

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24
What can periapical cysts be mistaken for
A periapical granuloma
25
What are periapical cysts almost always associated with
A dead/ non vital tooth
26
Where are periapical cysts centred
On the apex of a tooth that is non vital
27
Describe how a periapical cyst may present on a radiograph
Unilocular well defined corticated
28
What might cause a tooth to becomeW non vital
1. RCT 2. Caries 3. Trauma 4. Restoration
29
What is a residual cyst
when you extract the tooth causing a periapical cysts but the cyst remains
30
What is a residual cyst also known as
A residual periapical cyst
31
What are dentigerous cysts always associated with
Unerupted teeth
32
What do dentigerous cysts arise from
The dental follicle
33
How do dentigerous cysts from
Due to fluid collection between the follicle and enamel of an tooth
34
What can dentigerous cysts cause
May cause movement of tooth May cause resorption of other teeth
35
Where do odontogenic keratocysts arise from
The dental lamina
36
What is unique about a keratocyst on a radiograph
It is usually multilocular
37
Where are odotnogenic keratocysts mainly found
More common in the mandible than maxilla Commonly at the angle of the Mandible
38
What are the problems associated with odotnogenic keratocysts
They can be quite extensive Can cause expansion of the mandible Is multilocular which is complex and difficult to treat as one can be missed Cyst lining is very delicate so its easier to leave some tissue behind Can damage adjacent teeth
39
What condition can odontogenic keratocysts be assorted with
Gorlin Goltz syndrome
40
What are eruption cysts Associated with
Erupting teeth
41
Describe how an erupting cyst appears
Bluish round in appearance
42
How do erupting cysts prsent on a radiograph
No radiolucency
43
How do we manage eruption cysts
They usually resolve once the tooth erupts but may require incision
44
Where are lateral periodontal cysts found
On the side of a tooth between the amelocemental junction and apex usually tear drop shaped
45
How do lateral periodontal cysts present on a radiogrpah
Well defined corticated unilocular radiolucency
46
What is a lateral periodontal cysts associated with
Origin unknown coudl be dental lamina or follicle
47
What are lateral periodontal cysts associated with
Vital tooth
48
Give an example of a rare variant of the lateral periodontal cysts
Botryroid varient
49
How can botryoid cysts appear
Appears to look like grapes Is a mupltilocualr variant of lateral periodontal cysts
50
Give examples of rare cysts we need to be aware of
1. Glandular odontogenic cyst 2. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
51
What can Glandular odontogenic cyst and Calcifying odontogenic cysts be associated with
OKC Ameloblastoma Other pathology
52
What is the problem associated with Glandular odontogenic cyst
Recurrence of these cysts is likely
53
What are non odontogenic hard tissue cysts
Cysts that are developmental but not associated with tooth forming tissues
54
Where are non odontogenic hard tissue cysts commonly found
Palatal palates and pre maxilla ie fusion sites
55
What is the palate formed by
Fusion of 2 lateral structures and the pre maxilla
56
Give examples of non odontogenic hard tissue cysts
1. Naso palatine duct cysts
57
Give examples of non odontogenic hard tissue cysts
1. Naso palatine duct cysts 2. Globulomaxillary cysts
58
Where are Naso palatine duct cysts found
Can present as a painless swelling at the midline of the palate
59
Where are Globulomaxillary cysts found
Between the pre maxilla and the maxillary plates Between the lateral incisor and canine upper
60
Give examples of non epitheliased cysts
Staphnes idiopathic bone cavity Solitary bone cysts
61
Give examples of non epitheliased cysts
Staphnes idiopathic bone cavity Solitary bone cystsW
62
Give examples of non epitheliased cysts
Staphnes idiopathic bone cavity Solitary bone cyst Aneurysmal bone cyst
63
What are solitary bone cysts also known as
Traumatic bone cyst Unicameral cyst
64
Describe solitary bone cysts
Not odontogenic Not epithelial lined No expansion of movement associated
65
What are solitary bone cysts usually lined by
Fibrous tissue or endothelial tissue
66
Describe Aneurysmal bone cyst
Not epithelial lines Expansile (bone like) Faint trabecualtion may be seen in the cyst May appear soap bubble in appearance
67
What are soft tissue cysts broadly categorised into
Developmental and non developmental cysts
68
Soft cysts are formed from the fusion of what?
Fusion of branchial arches and fusion of branchial cleft
69
Give examples of developmental cysts
1. Dermoid cyst 2. Branchial cysts 3. Thyroglossal duct cyst
70
What are dermoid cysts caused by
Form due to inclusion of material (such as hair, keratinised epithelium) as the midline fuses
71
How do dermoid cysts tend to present
As a sublingual swelling
72
What do we usually find when we remove a dermoid cyst
A robust 'bag' of epithelium filled with hair and sweat Glands
73
What do branchial cysts arise from
The branchial clefts branch 1,2 and 3
74
What can branchial cleft cyst lead to
Branchial swelling
75
What is the difference between a cyst and sinus
Sinus is a blind ended opening which is epithelial lined and opens onto the surface A cyst is completely enclosed into the tissues
76
Where do branchial cleft sinuses form
Most commonly: Mandible part of the ear hyoid bone As these are formed by branchial arches 1,2 3 can go as far down as the neck and clavicle
77
Where do thyroglossal duct cyst form
At the thyroid
78
What are non developmental soft tissue cysts associated with
Salivary gland tissue
79
What can non developmental cysts cause
Mucous retention Mucous extravasations
80
What causes mucus mention
Blockage of saliva within the gland or duct Commonly affects minor glands
81
What can mucus extravasation cause
Escapte of saliva from traumatised gland or ducts Can affect minor and sublingual glands
82
Where can non developmental soft tissue cysts from
1. Ranula 2. Floor of mouth 3. Mucus extravasation cyst 4. Sublingual gland 5. Minor glands
83
Where are radula cysts found
Floor of the mouth
84
What is a ranula cyst
A mucous extravasation cyst assorted with the sublingual glands or minor salivary glands at the floor of the mouth
85
Give an example of an unusual ranula
A plunging ranula
86
Where is a plunging ranula found
Floor fo the mouth but it extends through the mylohyoid muscle and can lead tor a neck swelling
87
What is the problem associated with a plunging ranula cyst
Needs combined extra and intra oral approach
88
What are lip mucoceles
Painless soft fluid filled swellings that may appear bluish can be associated with trauma but not always
89
Where are lip mucocoeles formed
Only in the lower lip More common with children
90
How do we manage lip mucocoeles
1. Excision 2. Cryotherapy
91
What are the risks assocatd with excision of lip mucocoeles
1. Scar 2. Swelling 3. Bleeding 4. Bruising 5. Risk of recurrence
92
What is a swellign on the uPPPER lip associated with
Salivary gland tumours NOT mucocoeles

5th yr- CMS2- Facial trauma (5 decks)

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