Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BDS4 radiology > cysts > Flashcards

cysts Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is a cyst

A

“a pathological cavity having fluid, semi-fluid or gaseous contents and which is not created by accumulation of pus”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

radiographic investigation of cysts

A

-PA
-occlusal
-panoramic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

signs and symptoms of cyst

A
  • swelling
    -teeth movement , tilt or displacement
    -blueish colour
    -discoloured tooth
  • cyst preventing eruption
    -bad taste
    -perforated bone
    -altered sensation
    -egg shell cracking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

additional radiographs which can be taken for cysts

A
  • CBCT
    -PA mandible
    -occipitomental
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can be expected to be seen on cyst radiograph

A

location
- maybe near tooth

shape
-spherical
-grow by hydrostatic pressure

margins
- well defined, corticated

locularity
- often unilocular

multiplicity
- single,bilat,multiple

may impinge on surrounding anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is radiographic signs of secondary infection

A
  • lose definition and cortication of margin
    -signs and symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do cysts grow

A

hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the classification of cyst

A
  • epithelium lined vs not
    -odontogenic vs non-odontogenic
    -developmental vs inflammatory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are examples of odontogenic cysts

A

developmental
- dentigerous cyst (& eruption cyst)
- odontogenic keratocyst
- lateral periodontal cyst
inflammatory
- radicular cyst and residual cyst
- inflammatory collateral cysts
- paradental cyst
- buccal bifurcation cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are examples of non odontogenic cysts

A

developmental
- nasopalatine duct cyst
other
- solitary bone cyst
- aneurysmal bone cyst
- (no epithelial lining)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a odontogenic cyst

A
  • occurring in tooth bearing areas
    -or where cells are left behind from teeth
    -most common cause of bony swelling in jaws
  • 2nd most common group of oral and maxillofacial lesions in adults
    Lined with epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are odontogenic sources of epithelium

A

rests of mallassez
rests of Serres
reduced enamel epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is rest of malassez

A
  • Remnants of Hertwigs epithelial root sheath
  • responsible for root dentine
  • typically associated with radicular cysts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is rest of serres

A
  • remnants of dental lamina
  • ensures tooth in right position
  • associatied with odontogenic keratocysts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is reduced enamel epithelium

A
  • remnants of enamel organ
  • guides eruption
  • if doesnt disintegrate after eruptiion can lead to formation of cystic material
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

most common odontogenic cysts (in order)

A

radicular/residual
dentigerous (eruption)
odontogenic keratocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a odontogenic cyst

A
  • inflammatory
    -non-vital tooth
    -chronic inflammation at apex of tooth due to pulpal necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the incidence of radicular cyst

A
  • most common in 4th and 5th decades
  • male = female
  • 60% maxilla, 40% mandible
  • can involve any tooth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

presentation of radicular cyst

A
  • often asymptomatic
    • may become infected → pain
  • typically slow growing with limited expansion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

radicular cyst vs periapical granuloma

A
  • radicular cysts larger
    -if >15mm will be radicular
  • not treated by RCT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is radiographic features of radicular cyst

A
  • well defined, round/oval radiolucency
  • corticated margin continuous with lamina dura of non vital tooth
  • Larger lesions may displace adjacent structures
  • Long-standing lesions may cause external root resorption &/or contain dystrophic calcification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

histology of radicular cyst

A
  • Epithelial lining (often incomplete)- from rests of malassez
  • incomplete - inflamed tissue and less viable
  • Connective tissue capsule
  • Inflammation in capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

radicular cysts from granuloma

A
  • Epithelial rests of Malassez proliferates in periapical granuloma
  • Radicular cysts may form by:
    • Proliferating epithelium with central necrosis
    • OR epithelium surrounds fluid area
  • Continued growth
    • Osmotic effect with semi-permeable wall
    • Cytokine mediated growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is another variant of radicular cyst

A

residual cyst
lateral radicular cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is a residual cyst
- persists after tooth loss or after successful RCT - continues to grow -will be continuous with socket still there or may grow and remain in edentulous part of jaw
26
what is a lateral radicular cyst
- radicular cyst associated with accessory canal - located at side of tooth instead of apex
27
what is this
radicular cyst
28
what is this
-residual cyst
29
what is this
lateral radicular cyst
30
why may CBCT be indicated for cyst
- to see width /height - to see if perforating buccal or lingual cortical plates
31
what is the risk of doing nothing in radicular cyst
- cysts will keep growing - could fracture mandible - nerve supply damaged or affected - could lose teeth if mobility
32
what is a inflammatory collateral cyst
- inflammatory odontogenic cyst -associated with vital tooth - collective term for paradental/buccal bifurcation cyst - lower molars, bilateral
33
what is a paradental cyst
inflammatory odontogenic collateral Typically occurs at distal aspect of partially-erupted mandibular third molar
34
what is buccal bifurcation cyst
inflammatory odontogenic Collateral - Typically occurs at buccal aspect of mandibular first molar - clinical sign - buccal expansion next to molar and tooth tilters
35
what is dentigerous cyst
- developmental odontogenic cyst -associated with crown of unerupted (usually impacted tooth) - like mandibular third molar and maxillary canine
36
incidence of dentigenous cyst
- most common 2nd-4th decade - male>female - mandible >maxilla
37
radiographic signs of dentigenous cyst
- corticated margins attached to CEJ larger cysts may envelope root of tooth -may displace tooth -symmetrical initially , then expand unilaterally -variable displacement of cortical bone
38
histology of dentigenous cyst
- thin-non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
39
dentigerous cyst vs enlarged follicle
- consider cyst if follicular space 5mm or more - definitely if >10mm -if asymmetrical
40
what is this
dentigerous cyst
41
what is an eruption cyst
- variant of dentigerous cyst - soft tissue rather than bone - blood under mucosa -associated with erupting tooth
42
Tx for eruption cyst
- cut hole -evacuate pressure -dont remove
43
what is this
eruption cyst
44
what are these
inflammatory collateral
45
what is a odontogenic keratocyst
- developmental - no specific relationship to teeth -often displace adjacent teeth -scalloped margins - grow backwards, enlarge markedly in medullary bone space before displacing cortical bone
46
incidence of odontogenic keratocyst
* Most common in 2nd & 3rd decades * Male > female * Mandible > maxilla (3:1) * Posterior > anterior
47
what is seen in cyst aspirate of odontogenic keratocyst
- contains squames - low soluable protein content
48
what is this
odontogenic keratocyst
49
histology of odontogenic keratocyst
- palisading of basal cells - collumnal or cuboidal - if infection surrounding - harder to diagnose this way, resemble radicular cyst so aspirate used to guide diagnosis
50
OKC recurrence
- thin friable lining - difficulty of surgery -fragment and hard to remove during surgery - daughter cysts - group of epithelial cells reamining in the tissue
51
52
what is most common non -odontogenic cyst
- nasopalatine duct cyst
53
what is the nasopalatine duct cyst
- developmental non-odontogenic cyst - arises from nasopalatine duct epithelial remnants - occurs in anterior maxilla
54
incidence of nasopalatine duct cyst
- most common in 4th - 6th decades - M>F
55
presentation of nasopalatine duct cyst
- often asymptomatic - patient may note salty discharge - larger cysts may displace teeth or cause swelling in palate - always involve midline but not always symmetrical - it is developmental not inflammatory so teeth would be vital, sometimes it presses on blood supply and causes it to be non vital - PDL space is intact
56
histology of nasopalatine duct cyst
- variable epithelial lining - non-keratinised stratified squamous and modified respiratory
57
radiographic signs of nasopalatine duct cyst
- periapical or standard maxillary occlusal - corticated radiolucency between/over roots of central incisors - often uniilocular - may appear heart shaped due to superimposition of anterior nasal spine - CBCT - indicated if better visualisation of cyst needed for planning surgery
58
what is this
nasopalatine duct cyst
59
cyst vs incisive fossa
incisive fossa - may or may not be visible on radiographs - midline, oval-shaped radiolucency - typically not visibly corticated sizing - <6mm : assume incisive fossa - 6-10mm : consider monitoring - >10mm : suspect cyst
60
61
what is this
-solitary bone cyst
62
incidence of solitary bone cyst
* Most common in 2nd decade * Male > female * Mandible >> maxilla * Can occur in association with other bone pathology * e.g. fibro-osseous lesions
63
clinical signs of solitary bone cyst
* Usually asymptomatic → incidental finding * Rarely pain or swelling
64
radiological signs of solitary bone cyst
* Majority in premolar/molar region of mandible * Can also occur in non-tooth-bearing areas * Variable definition & cortication * May have scalloped margins giving a pseudolocular appearance * May project up between the roots of adjacent teeth - will not displace teeth - often correct themselves
65
what is Stafnes cavity
- commonly mistaken as cyst -depression in bone -cortical bone preserved -occur in mandible, usually lingual -contains salivary or fatty tissue -inferior to IAN canal
66
presentation of Stafnes cavity
* Most common in 5th & 6th decades * Often in angle or posterior body * Often inferior to inferior alveolar canal * Asymptomatic * Well-defined, often corticated radiolucency * Rarely displaces adjacent structures
67
what types of biopsy can be carried out for cysts
- aspiration biopsy - draining of contents - incisional biopsy - partial removal - excisional biopsy - complete removal
68
what is a aspirational biopsy
- wide bore needle with 5-10ml syringe can get * Air * Blood * Pus * Cyst fluid * Clear straw coloured fluid in inflammatory or developmental cysts * White or cream semi-solid may indicate keratocyst
69
what is incisional biopsy
- obtain a sample of lining of histological analysis - usually under LA - may be combined with marsupulation
70
limitations of radiology
- can only give provisional diagnosis -histology can confirm diagnosis
71
what are treatment options for cysts
- enucleation -masupulation
72
what is enucleation
- all cystic lesion removed
73
advantages/disadvantages of enucleation
Advantages * Whole lining can be examined pathologically * Primary closure * Little aftercare needed Contraindications/disadvantages * Risk of mandibular fracture with very large cysts * For dentigerous cyst, may wish to preserve tooth * Old age / ill health * Clot-filled cavity may become infected * Incomplete removal of lining may lead to recurrence * Damage to adjacent structures
74
what is marsupulation
- Creation of a surgical window in the wall of the cyst, removing the contents of the cyst & suturing the cyst wall to the surrounding epithelium - Encourages the cyst to decrease in size & may be followed by enucleation at a later date
75
what is indications for marsupulation
* If enucleation would damage surrounding structures (e.g. ID nerve) * Difficult access to the area * May allow eruption of teeth affected by a dentigerous cyst * Elderly or medically compromised patients unable to withstand extensive surgery * Very large cysts which would risk jaw fracture if enucleation was performed * Can combine with enucleation as a later procedure
76
advantages/disadvanatges of marsupulation
Advantages * Simple to perform * May spare vital structures Contraindications/disadvantages * Opening may close & cyst may reform * Complete lining not available for histology * Difficult to keep clean & lots of aftercare needed * Long time to fill in

BDS4 radiology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions