CYTO Summative Flashcards
(38 cards)
In this type of Inheritance Pattern, the father always expresses the trait but never passes it on to his sons. The father always passes the trait to all his daughters, who are then carriers of the trait. The female carriers will pass the trait on to half of their sons, who also will be carriers. In the homozygous state, X’Y, the males will express the trait, whereas only the rare homozygous females, X’X’, will express it.
a. X-linked recessive
b. X-linked dominant
c. Autosomal dominant
d. Autosomal recessive
a. X-linked recessive
Assuming that the probe used in performing CGH utilizes a green fluorescent tag for the normal DNA and a red fluorescent tag for the DNA extracted from a tumor, what could be the interpretation if there is a 2:1 ratio in favor of the red fluorescence?
a. The tumor is relatively benign
b. Deletion
c. Insertion
d. The tumor is malignant
c. Insertion
In Pedigree Chart Analyses, autosomal refers to traits that are not carried on the sex chromosomes. On the other hand, a dominant trait is carried by either parent or both parents but is not generally seen at the phenotypic level unless both parents carry the trait.
a. Only the first statement is correct.
b. Only the second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. None of the statements are correct.
a. Only the first statement is correct.
A recessive trait can be genetically expressed in a heterozygous individual but may not be seen at the phenotypic level. When two heterozygous individuals mate, they can produce a child who inherits a recessive gene from each parent, and therefore the child is homozygous for that trait. This is best observed in which of the following Inheritance Patterns?
a. X-linked recessive
b. X-linked dominant
c. Autosomal dominant
d. Autosomal recessive
d. Autosomal recessive
In deciphering a Pedigree Chart, A line joining a male and a female indicates a mating between the two, and offspring are indicated by a horizontal line across each parent. On the other hand, A double line between a male and a female indicates a consanguineous mating.
a. Only the first statement is correct.
b. Only the second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. None of the statements are correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
In this type of inheritance pattern, both males and females can be affected by a certain trait and it appears in every generation of a family. Furthermore, only females can pass the trait to their children.
a. X-linked dominant
b. X-linked recessive
c. Mitochondrial
d. Y-linked inheritance
c. Mitochondrial
In this type of inheritance pattern, one mutated allele causes the disease. Each affected person usually has one affected parent. It Appears in every generation of an affected family. Both mother and father has an equal chance of passing the trait to the offspring regardless of sex. Examples of diseases inherited in this manner are Marfan syndrome; Achondroplasia; Huntington disease and Myotonic dystrophy.
a. X-linked recessive
b. X-linked dominant
c. Autosomal dominant
d. Autosomal recessive
c. Autosomal dominant
What would be the consequence if fluorescent reagents were aliquoted in transparent microtubes and were left to stand on the microtube rack overnight?
a. Increased fluorescent reading
b. Decreased rate of quenching
c. Loss of Fluorescence due to quenching
d. This will have no impact to the readings.
c. Loss of Fluorescence due to quenching
All of the following can be used as direct labels in performing FISH, except:
a. FITC
b. Rhodamine
c. Cyanine
d. Biotin
d. Biotin
What would be the consequence if a Medical Technologist committed an honest mistake of setting the water bath 20 degrees Celsius above the optimum temperature to heat a solution that contains patient DNA tagged by a fluorescent probe?
a. Increased fluorescent reading
b. Decreased rate of quenching
c. Loss of Fluorescence
d. This will have no impact to the readings.
c. Loss of Fluorescence
A locus specific probe is used when only a small portion of a gene is isolated and want to determine on which chromosome the gene is located. On the other hand, dual color FISH probe allows simultaneous detection of numerical abnormalities of two to three regions in one assay.
a. Only the first statement is correct.
b. Only the second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. None of the statements are correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
Which of the following FISH probes is used to determine whether an individual has the correct number of chromosomes or if there is aneuploidy in the patient’s genome?
a. Centromeric probe
b. Whole chromosome probe
c. Locus-specific probe
d. Subtelomeric probe
a. Centromeric probe
Which of the following chromosomal aberrations can not be detected by CGH?
a. Insertions
b. Deletions
c. Translocation
d. All of the choices
c. Translocation
When is the best time to collect amniotic fluid for karyotyping?
a. 2nd to 4th week of gestation
b. 5th to 10th week of gestation
c. 10th to 15th week of gestation
d. 15th to 20th week of gestation
d. 15th to 20th week of gestation
What are the indicator/s used in CGH?
a. Monoclonal antibodies
b. Polyclonal antibodies
c. Fluorescent dyes
d. Radioisotopes
c. Fluorescent dyes
This is a cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind specifically to a part of chromosomes complimentary to its sequence.
a. Karyotyping
b. FISH
c. RT-PCR
d. ELISA
b. FISH
Metaphase FISH is the preferred method for the rapid screening of many nuclei for prenatal diagnosis and newborn studies. On the other hand, interphase FISH allows direct visualization of chromosomes and exact position of aberrations.
a. Only the first statement is correct.
b. Only the second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. None of the statements are correct.
d. None of the statements are correct.
Which of the following reagents is used to lyse the cultured cells to be subjected to karyotyping?
a. 0.54% aqueous KCl solution
b. Phytohemagglutinin
c. Ethidium bromide
d. Horse radish peroxidase
a. 0.54% aqueous KCl solution
In performing karyotyping, the collected blood will be grown in vitro by adding cell culture growth medium, fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. What reagent induces mitotic cell growth?
a. 0.54% aqueous KCl solution
b. Phytohemagglutinin
c. Ethidium bromide
d. Horse radish peroxidase
b. Phytohemagglutinin
Which of the following dyes were first used by Caspersson et al., in their experiments way back 1958 to demonstrate chromosome banding?
a. Giemsa stain
b. Quinacrine mustard
c. Texas red
d. Gentian violet
b. Quinacrine mustard
In performing the R-banding technique, dark bands are A-T rich. On the other hand, light bands are G-C rich.
a. Only the first statement is correct.
b. Only the second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. None of the statements are correct.
d. None of the statements are correct.
In performing the G-banding technique, dark bands are A-T rich. On the other hand, light bands are G-C rich.
a. Only the first statement is correct.
b. Only the second statement is correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
d. None of the statements are correct.
c. Both of the statements are correct.
When performing karyotyping, which of the following banding techniques may require a microscope whose light source can provide wavelengths of less than 400nm?
a. G-banding
b. R-banding
c. Q-banding
d. C-banding
c. Q-banding
Repetitive renaturation of DNA in Karyotyping using the C- banding techniques enable one to stain what chromosomal structure?
a. Telomere
b. Centromere
c. Chromosome bands
d. Inserted genes
b. Centromere
