Cytogenetics Part 1

Question 1

Greek Philosopher

Answer 1

Hippocrates

Question 2

Hippocrates argued that these are resided in various parts of the body; bearers of hereditary traits

Answer 2

humors

Question 3

the generative power of male semen resided in a?

Answer 3

vital heat

Question 4

this had the capacity to produce offspring of the same “form” as the parent

Answer 4

vital heat

Question 5

he is credited with the earliest statement of the theory of epigenesis

Answer 5

William Harvey

Question 6

an organism is derived from the substances present in the egg

Answer 6

epigenesis

Question 7

The theory of epigenesis conflicts directly with the theory of?

Answer 7

theory of preformation

Question 8

sex cells contain a complete miniature adult called?

Answer 8

homunculus

Question 9

He disproved the theory of preformation

Answer 9

Casper Wolff

Question 10

He proposed the atomic theory

Answer 10

John Dalton

Question 11

all matter is composed of all invisible units called?

Answer 11

atoms

Question 12

They proposed the cell theory

Answer 12

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

Question 13

all organisms are composed of basic visible units called?

Answer 13

cells

Question 14

the creation of living organisms from nonliving components

Answer 14

spontaneous generation

Question 15

living organisms were considered to be derived from _________ and consists of cells made up of atoms

Answer 15

preexisting organisms

Question 16

animal and plant groups remain unchanged in form from the moment of their appearance on earth

Answer 16

fixity of species

Question 17

He is better known for devising the binomial system of classification

Answer 17

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 18

He crossbred two groups and derived a new hybrid form, which he then converted back to one of the parental types by repeated backcrosses

Answer 18

Gottlieb Kolreuter

Question 19

Charles Darwin published a book stating his evolutionary theory named?

Answer 19

The Origin of Species

Question 20

He proposed the theory of natural selection

Answer 20

Charles Darwin

Question 21

a theory that attempts to explain the causes of evolutionary change

Answer 21

Theory of Natural Selection

Question 22

heredity and development were dependent on information contained in?

Answer 22

chromosomes

Question 23

is known as the father of genetics

Answer 23

Gregor Johann Mendel

Question 24

Gregor Mendel established what theory?

Answer 24

chromosomal theory of inheritance

Question 25

a theory that stated that inherited traits are controlled by genes that reside in chromosomes

Answer 25

theory of inheritance

Question 26

what are the trinity of molecular genetics?

Answer 26

DNA, RNA, and protein

Question 27

full name of DNA

Answer 27

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 28

this serves as the genetic material in all living organisms as well as in most viruses

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

The process of transferring information from DNA to RNA is called?

Answer 29

transcription

Question 30

The subsequent conversion of the genetic information contained in RNA into a protein is called?

Answer 30

translation

Question 31

The DNA exists in cells as a long, coiled ladderlike structure described as?

Answer 31

double helix

Question 32

Each strand of the helix consists of a linear polymer made up of genetic building blocks called?

Answer 32

nucleotides

Question 33

four types of nucleotide

Answer 33

adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)

Question 34

serve as nonspecific workbenches for protein synthesis

Answer 34

ribosome

Question 35

are linear polymers made up of amino acids

Answer 35

Proteins

Question 36

the end products of genetic expression

Answer 36

Proteins

Question 37

These molecules serve as biological catalysts

Answer 37

enzymes

Question 38

the oxygen-binding pigment in red blood cells

Answer 38

hemoglobin

Question 39

the pancreatic hormone

Answer 39

insulin

Question 40

the connective tissue molecule

Answer 40

collagen

Question 41

the structural molecule in hair

Answer 41

keratin

Question 42

the proteins integral to chromosome structure in eukaryotes

Answer 42

histones

Question 43

the contractile muscle proteins

Answer 43

actin and myosin

Question 44

the anti-body molecules of the immune system

Answer 44

immunoglobulins

Question 45

Four basic approaches in genetics

Answer 45

transmission genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetic analysis, and population genetics

Question 46

patterns of inheritance of traits are examined

Answer 46

transmission genetics

Question 47

in human studies, where designed matings are neither possible nor desirable, _______ is often useful

Answer 47

pedigree analysis

Question 48

the study of chromosomes

Answer 48

cytogenetics

Question 49

it illustrate the chromosomes characteristic of any species arranged in a standard sequence

Answer 49

karyotypes

Question 50

The first animal ever to be cloned from an adult somatic cell

Answer 50

Dolly the lamb

Question 51

The cloned lamb was the result of the research of whom?

Answer 51

Ian Wilmut

Question 52

scientists attempt to define how and why certain genetic variation is maintained in populations, while other variation diminishes or is lost with time

Answer 52

population genetics

Question 53

acquiring information for the sake of extending knowledge in any discipline of science

Answer 53

basic research

Question 54

scientists conduct investigations to solve problems facing society or simply to improve the well-being of members of our society

Answer 54

applied research

Question 55

it encouraged parents displaying favorable characteristics to have large families

Answer 55

Positive eugenics

Question 56

restrict reproduction of parents displaying unfavorable characteristics

Answer 56

Negative eugenics

Question 57

refers to medical or genetic intervention designed to reduce the impact of defective genotypes on individuals.

Answer 57

Euphenics

Question 58

the entire genetic complement of several species, including our own, has been sequenced

Answer 58

genome