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**INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY > cytokines > Flashcards

cytokines Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What cells produce IFNα?

A

Not specified in the provided materials.

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2
Q

What cells respond to IFNα?

A

Not specified in the provided materials.

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3
Q

What is the function of IFNα?

A

Not specified in the provided materials.

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4
Q

What cells produce IFNβ?

A

Not specified in the provided materials.

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5
Q

What cells respond to IFNβ?

A

Not specified in the provided materials.

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6
Q

What is the function of IFNβ?

A

Not specified in the provided materials.

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7
Q

What cells produce IFNγ?

A

Th1 cells, NK cells, and CD8⁺ T cells

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8
Q

What cells respond to IFNγ?

A

Macrophages (and other lymphocytes)

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9
Q

What is the function of IFNγ?

A

Activates macrophages, up-regulates MHC I/II expression, and promotes Th1 differentiation

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10
Q

What cells produce IL-1?

A

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells

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11
Q

What cells respond to IL-1?

A

Vascular endothelium and T cells

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12
Q

What is the function of IL-1?

A

Induces fever and up-regulates endothelial adhesion molecules; a key pro-inflammatory mediator

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13
Q

What cells produce IL-2?

A

Activated CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells

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14
Q

What cells respond to IL-2?

A

T cells (autocrine)

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15
Q

What is the function of IL-2?

A

Drives clonal expansion of activated T cells

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16
Q

What cells produce IL-4?

A

Th2 cells and Tfh cells

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17
Q

What cells respond to IL-4?

A

B cells and T cells

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18
Q

What is the function of IL-4?

A

Drives B-cell class switching to IgE/IgG₁, promotes Th2 differentiation, and inhibits Th1

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19
Q

What cells produce IL-5?

A

Th2 cells

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20
Q

What cells respond to IL-5?

A

Eosinophils and B cells

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21
Q

What is the function of IL-5?

A

Activates and supports survival of eosinophils; aids IgA class switching

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22
Q

What cells produce IL-6?

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A

Macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and Th17/Tfh cells

23
Q

What cells respond to IL-6?

24
Q

What is the function of IL-6?

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A

Induces acute-phase reactants, promotes B-cell differentiation, and drives Th17/Tfh polarisation

25
What cells produce IL-8 (CXCL8)?
Macrophages and epithelial cells (classic textbook role)
26
What cells respond to IL-8?
Neutrophils
27
What is the function of IL-8?
Acts as a chemotactic factor to recruit neutrophils to sites of infection
28
What cells produce IL-10?
Regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tolerogenic mucosal DCs
29
What cells respond to IL-10?
Macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, IL-10 suppresses immune response and inhibits antitumour response
30
What is the function of IL-10?
Suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production and promotes peripheral tolerance
31
What cells produce IL-12?
Dendritic cells and macrophages
32
What cells respond to IL-12?
Th1 cells and NK cells
33
What is the function of IL-12?
Induces Th1 differentiation and enhances IFNγ production
34
What cells produce IL-13?
Th2 cells
35
What cells respond to IL-13?
B cells and epithelial cells
36
What is the function of IL-13?
Overlaps IL-4: drives IgE switching and alternative (M2) macrophage activation
37
What cells produce IL-17?
Th17 cells and ILC3
38
What cells respond to IL-17?
Epithelial cells and neutrophils
39
What is the function of IL-17?
Induces neutrophil-recruiting chemokines and enhances mucosal defense
40
What cells produce IL-18?
Macrophages and epithelial cells
41
What cells respond to IL-18?
Th1 cells and NK cells
42
What is the function of IL-18?
Synergizes with IL-12 to induce IFNγ production
43
What cells produce IL-21?
Tfh cells and Th17 cells
44
What cells respond to IL-21?
B cells, T cells, and NK cells
45
What is the function of IL-21?
Promotes B-cell proliferation, plasma-cell differentiation, and antibody production
46
What cells produce IL-22?
Th17 cells and ILC3
47
What cells respond to IL-22?
Epithelial cells
48
What is the function of IL-22?
Stimulates antimicrobial peptide production and supports barrier integrity
49
What cells produce TNFα?
Macrophages, Th1 cells, and epithelial cells
50
What cells respond to TNFα?
Endothelial cells and macrophages
51
What is the function of TNFα?
Activates endothelium (adhesion molecules), induces fever and cachexia, and drives inflammation
52
What cells produce TGFβ?
Regulatory T cells and mucosal dendritic cells
53
What cells respond to TGFβ?
T cells, B cells, and epithelial cells
54
What is the function of TGFβ?
Promotes Treg differentiation, enforces tolerance, and drives IgA class switching in GALT

**INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY (6 decks)

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