Cytology 1 Flashcards
(54 cards)
What is Biology
is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy
What is the life
There is no universal definition of life
The main properties of life:
1- Birth 2-Reproduction 3-Growth 4-Hereditary
5-Recycling 6-Metabolism 7-Energy consuming
8-Protein synthesis 9-Enzymatic reactions 10-Genetic material DNA and (or) RNA 11-Senescence 12-Dying or Apoptosis
What are the basic unit of structure in every living thing.
Cells
What is a scientific discipline that studies cell their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles
they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division and death.
Cytology
Who described a honeycomb-like
network of cells in cork slice using his
primitive microscope.
Robert Hooke (1635-1703)
Who described cells in a drop of pond water using a microscope.
He was the first person to observe bacteria and protozoa.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
1632–1723
Who is , a German botanist, concluded that all plant
tissues are composed of cells
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
Who is a German biologist, reached the same conclusion as Schleiden about animal tissue being
composed of cells.
Theodor Schwann
Who came to an end that “All living things are composed of cells and cell products“
Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann
Each cell in the body has exactly the same what?
genome
What is the difference between cell types
the pattern of gene expression
What is gene expression
it means which genes are turned on and
which genes are turned off
Genes that code for enzymes involved in what?
detoxification are transcribed in
liver cells, (but there is no need for
them to be expressed in neurons)
What is the basic life functions?
Being alive and survive:
cell respiration, feeding, cellular respiration,
proliferation….
What is the specific functions?
Being a part of the organism and do the something for it:
Protection, breath, digestion, reproduction….
What can replicate only inside
the living cells of an organism, so
are not truly alive themselves
A Virus
What consists of two or three parts: the genetic material made from either DNA or RNA; a protein coat for protection; and in some cases an envelope of lipids that surrounds the protein coat when they are outside a cell.
Virus particles
All life processes - the functions like
feeding, locomotion, reproduction,
etc. are carried out by what?
by the single cell
in single-celled organisms in order
for survive this cell.
What is the process of an individual growth of organism, from the fertilized egg to mature form and until dead.
Ontogenesis
Development of multi-cellular organisms (ontogenesis)
was determined by the following processes:
1.Proliferation;
2.Differentiation;
3.Movement;
4.Apoptosis.
And finally occurs Morphogenesis (5)
What is the increase in cell number as a result of cell
growth and division?
Cell Proliferation
Cell division with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells that is the same size as the original zygote, is called?
cleavage
What is the earliest stage of cell differentiation
It is cell determination where the cells become committed to a subset of cell fates.
