Cytology And Cell Structure

Question 1

Basic constituents of a cell

Answer 1

• cytology (hyaloplasm)
• organelles
• cell inclusions

Question 2

Hyaloplasm

Answer 2

Basic structure of the cytoplasm

Question 3

Cell organelles

Answer 3

Nucleus, mitochondria, golgi complex, ribosomes, etc

Question 4

Cell inclusions (paraplasm)

Answer 4

Secretory granules, glycogen, lipids etc

Question 5

The nucleus

Answer 5

Contains genetic information

* in eukaryotic cells he nucleus has a double nuclear envelope

Question 6

Chromatin is

Answer 6

Basophilic

Question 7

The nucleus has two types of chromatin:

Answer 7

Heterochromatin (inactive)

Euchromatin (active)

Question 8

Nucleolus

Answer 8

Produces rRNA

May be single or multiple

Question 9

The darker the blue of the nucleus =

Answer 9

The more inactive the cell

Question 10

The most euchromatic cells are:

Answer 10

Neurons
Liver cells
Pancreatic cells
Serotoli cells

Question 11

Why is the plasma membrane important?

Answer 11

Its functions

• communication of cell between other cells
• Contains complex molecules
• Selective permeaility

Question 12

MItochondria

Answer 12

• Self-replicating organelles
• Double membrane enclosed organelle with cristae
  *own membrane
  POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL

Question 13

Mitochondria are sensitive to:

Answer 13

Ischemia, toxin

Question 14

Apoptosis

Answer 14

Programmed cell death

Question 15

What makes the endoplasmic reticulum rough or smooth?

Answer 15

Rough = contains ribosomes

Question 16

Golgi body

Answer 16

Collection of membrane bound flattened sacs = cisternae

Question 17

Function of the Golgi complex

Answer 17

Sorting, packing, and delivery

Question 18

Lysosomes

Answer 18

• digestive system of the cell

- Associated with phagocytosis

Question 19

Lysosomes play a major role in

Answer 19

Immune response

Question 20

Peroxisomes

Answer 20

Used to degrade hydrogen peroxide and other toxic molecules

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

• Structure how to see?
• Three major components

Answer 21

• Ultrasonic microscope
• Microfilaments (actin and myosin)
• Intermediate Filaments (keratin)
• Microtubules

Question 22

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 22

• Tonofilaments
• Vimentin
• Desmin
• Neurofilaments
• Glial filaments

Question 23

Tonofilaments

Answer 23

Epithelium

Question 24

Vimentin

Answer 24

Mesenchymal cells

Question 25

Desmin

Answer 25

Muscle

Question 26

Neurofilaments

Answer 26

Neurons

Question 27

Glial filaments

Answer 27

Glial cells

Question 28

Inclusions

Answer 28

- Pigments - Glycogen - Lipids

Question 29

Pigments sub categories

Answer 29

- Melanin - Lipofuscin - Lutein - Hemosiderin

Question 30

Lipid droplets can be found in

Answer 30

White adipose tissue or brown adipose tissue

Question 31

Microvilli

Answer 31

Small, absorptive, seen in electron microscope that form a brush border

Question 32

Cilia

Answer 32

motile projections, longer but less frequent than microvili, and come from basal bodies

Question 33

Stereochili

Answer 33

Nonmotile projections, and absorptive, large

Question 34

Microtubules

Answer 34

Help the cilia move

Question 35

Cell shapes

Answer 35

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, spindle, cylindricl, multipolar, round

Question 36

Nuclear shape

Answer 36

Round, elongated, polymorphonuclear

Question 37

Nuclear position

Answer 37

Central, eccentric, apical vs basal