D-E

Question 1

Dendrites

Answer 1

A short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body

Question 2

Desmosomes

Answer 2

A type of junctional complex, randomly arranged on the lateral sides of plasma membranes. They allow epithelial cells to resist shearing forces and are found in simple and stratified squamous epithelium

Provides adhesion between cells. There is an intracellular component.

Question 3

Diastole

Answer 3

The portion of the cardiac cycle when the heart refills with blood following contraction. Ventricular diastole is when the ventricles are filling and relaxing, while atrial diastole when the atria are relaxing

Question 4

Diffusion

Answer 4

The passive net movement of material from an area of high concentration to an area with lower concentration

Question 5

Divergent evolution

Answer 5

The accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species

Question 6

DNA helicase

Answer 6

An enzyme that moves directionally along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating two annealed nucleic acid strands (DNA, RNA)

Question 7

DNA ligase

Answer 7

An enzyme, that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bond

Question 8

DNA polymerase

Answer 8

An enzyme that creates DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule

Question 9

Ectoderm

Answer 9

One of the primary germ layers in the very early embryo.

1. nervous system
2. skin
3. cornea and lens of eyes

Question 10

Endocrine glands

Answer 10

Any gland that secretes its products or hormones directly into the blood rather than through a duct

Question 11

Endoderm

Answer 11

One of the primary germ layers

1. Epithelial lining digestive tract
2. Epithelial lining respiratory system
3. Lining of urinary tract and reproductive system
4. Liver
5. Pancreas
6. Thymus
7. Thyroid and parathyroid

Question 12

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

A network of tubules and flattened sacs that serve a variety of functions in the cell. The rough endoplasmic reticulum manufactures membranes and secretory proteins.
Smooth ER performs carbohydrates and lipid synthesis while also acting as a transitional area for vesicles that transport ER products to various destinations

Question 13

Endopores

Answer 13

A dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria. It allows the bacterium to produce a dormant and highly resistant cell to preserve the cell’s genetic material in times of extreme stress

Question 14

Enzyme

Answer 14

A biomolecule, usually a protein, that acts as a catalyst for biological reactions

Question 15

Erythrocyte (RBC)

Answer 15

An anucleated cell that contains hemoglobin in order to transport oxygen throughout the body

Question 16

Estrogen

Answer 16

A steroid hormone important to the maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics

Question 17

Euchromatin

Answer 17

A loosely packed form of DNA . Euchromatin is prevalent in cells that are active in the transcription of many of their genes

Question 18

Eukaryote

Answer 18

Any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes

Question 19

Exocrine glands

Answer 19

Any gland that secretes its product by way of a duct to some environment external to the gland itself

Question 20

Exocytosis

Answer 20

The process in which an intracellular vesicle moves to the plasma membrane and subsequent fusion of the vesicular membrane and plasma membrane ensues. The goal is to transport molecules outside of the cell

Question 21

Exons

Answer 21

Any nucleotide sequence encoded by a gene that remains present within the final mature RNA product of the gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing

Question 22

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Answer 22

A collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells