D&H Flashcards
(4 cards)
Management strategies and effectiveness for malaira
-spray pesticides/insecticides on walls in homes in an attempt to kill the Anopheles mosquitoes. (1)E.g., DDT (1)
EFFECTIVENESS:
This was effective at first, however the mosquito became resistant to this (1)and alternative insecticides are often too expensive for developing countries (1)
-sprinkle mustard seeds on stagnant water(1)
EFFECTIVENESS:
This is effective as the mustard seeds are sticky and the larvae will stick to the seeds and sink down into the stagnant water which will drown them (1)
-putting larvae-eating fish into stagnant ponds or padi fields, (1)) such as the muddy loach (1).
EFFECTIVENESS:
As the fish breed the larvae is eaten and the disease cannot spread (1)This has the added advantage for farmers who can eat some of the fish and add extra protein to their diet (1)
-trials have produced a safe vaccine (1) such as Mosquirix (1)
EFFECTIVENESS:
however, the vaccine is only 50% effective (1 mark)
Development and health
-Barefoot Doctors provide health education and administer basic first aid (1)they can then refer people to local health care centres/hospitals if needed (1).
EFFECT: This is suitable for developing countries as many rural people find it hard to travel to the hospitals which can be many days walk away (1) this takes pressure off the busy hospitals (1)
-Charities such as Water Aid (1) improve water and sanitation by installing pit latrines (1).
EFFECT: The number of people without access to improved drinking water had decreased (1)
-Oral Rehydration Therapy is the mixture of salt and sugar with clean water (1) which can be administered by untrained staff (1).
EFFECT: It is very effective as it is cheap for low-income countries (1) and it can be administered by untrained staff (1). The WHO estimates 1 million babies’ lives are saved each year from this (1)
-Insecticide treated bed nets provide a physical barrier against the mosquito and kills the mosquito preventing further spread (1).
EFFECT: However, bed nets need to be treated regularly to be effective
(1) and in some cases are used as fishing nets so the insecticide is washed off (1)
Human causes of malaria
-padi fields Increase the amount of stagnant water when flooding the land for the rice crop which exposes workers to being bitten (1)
-large population nearby provides a blood reservoir for mosquitoes (1)
-traditional housing allows
mosquitoes access with open bents or windows allowing mosquitoes to bite people whilst sleeping(1)
-exposed skin allows mosquitoes to bite sleeping residents when the mosquitoes are most active at dawn to dusk
Physical causes of malaria
temperatures must be between
15-40°C (1) with atleast 60%
humidity(1)
-stagnant water is required for the mosquito to lay larvae (1)
-areas of vegetation or shade for the mosquitoes to digest blood(1)
-female anopheles mosquitoes must be present to spread malaria (1)
