D&K Exam 2 Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
Universal (Prevention)
A
These types of programs are interested in reaching a full population of people and benefit everyone
2
Q
Selective (Prevention)
A
These types of programs target an at risk group
3
Q
Indicated (Prevention)
A
These programs target groups that show signs of potential problems, they’re engaging with the risk factor
4
Q
Parental Warmth
A
Parents that communicate, responsiveness, show support and foster independence. Meets childs needs
5
Q
Permissive Parenting (Warmth Only)
A
Control is too low, heavy on warmth, responsive, but not demanding, no limits/rules
6
Q
Authoritarian Parenting (Control Only)
A
Control is too high, parents control everything in a kids life, overprotective parents, children are expected to follow the rules set up by the parents
7
Q
Authoritative Parenting (Balanced)
A
Clear rules are established and but failure is expected and supported, willing to listen to questions, gives children some level of independent, assertive but not restrictive
8
Q
Family Risk factors
A
Low parental monitoring, low family involvement, genetics
9
Q
Family Protective factors
A
Parents live with children, parents communicate with child, parent are in charge, parents have a specific parenting style
10
Q
What happens to the family structure when adolescent use drugs?
A
Low levels of trust, low parental warmth, miscommunication, limited discussions, negative contact
11
Q
When parents communicate anti-substance beliefs and rules…
A
lead to higher anti-substance use norms in teens
12
Q
When parents reference their own past…
A
leads to lower levels of anti-substance use norm in teens
13
Q
Is actions or words more influential when parenting?
A
Actions are more important than words
14
Q
Teens who have seen their parents drunk…
A
Are 2x more likely to get drunk and 3x more likely to use marijuana
15
Q
Parents drinking with teens leads too…
A
increase alcohol usage by the teen, you want to delay the usage of alcohol
16
Q
Sibling and peers
A
Older siblings and peers have a strong influence on teens, this can lead to alcohol usage
17
Q
Impact on family (Confirming suspicions)
A
Child gaslights and lie to family, family are tormented by behavioral changes, family tries to confirm their suspicions
18
Q
Impact on family (Struggle to set limits)
A
Family try to set limits but when they fail they often give into the teens needs, last resort is to withdraw (THIS IS BAD !!)
19
Q
Impact on family (Dealing with consequences)
A
All the family members deal with some type of consequences, verbal and/or physical abuse
20
Q
Impact on family (Blame and shame)
A
The family blame themselves for the teen alcohol usage (mothers feel the most), they are shunned by society
21
Q
Impact on family (Try to keep them safe)
A
Family would go to any length to make sure their child is safe, they may go to the party their child is at
22
Q
Impact on family (Grief)
A
Family experience the “lose of the ideal child” or “death of a child, their expectations are gone, they feel as of they lost that person
23
Q
Impact on family (Live with guilt)
A
Family members see the teen addiction are failings, they make kick the child out
24
Q
Impact on family (Self-preservation)
A
When the teens abuse is too much, they may choose the whole family member over them
25
Impact on family (Denial)
The family may refuse to acknowledge the problem
26
Frequent family dinners
The more frequent family dinners the less access to drugs, better relationship with their family, they spend more time
27
Infrequent family dinner
Teen are 4x more likely to use tobacco, 3x more likely to use alcohol, 2.5x more likely to use marijuana, teen believe drug usage is ok
28
Strengthen families program
Targets high risk (6 to 11) year olds (universal), 7 sessions and 4 booster sessions, school based; goal (improve family values, reduce behavior problems, improve social and school skills); Involved both parents and children, separate and joint groups; Reduced a lot of factors!
29
Good Choices
Universal, targeted kids 9 to 14 year old, mainly in the US, 2 hour sessions over 5 weeks, it is mainly for the parents kids only come to once session; This is meant to improve parenting skills, builds teens norms against drug usage, a better guide for kids.
30
Family Matters
Universal but can be specific, targeted kids aged 12 to 14. its booklet based (4) and a health educator calls to discuss with parents; It Reduced 3 months and one year of usage after program, helped parents make better rules, it prevented not decreased teen usage
31
Why do tobacco ads work?
They push the idea of being cool, "in", sexy, and independent
32
Master settlement agreement (1998)
US tobacco companies agreed to decrease/stop tobacco marking, pay medical settlements, and fund smoking advocacy groups
33
Philip Morris campagin
Targeted 10-14 year olds, the goal was to stop teen smoking but the ads we not clear that and no actual effort was made, they wanted people to keep drinking
34
Results of bad Tobacco ads
The non-clear ads were rated less favorable, they couldn't tell PM was a tobacco company, BUT younger teens saw the ad favorable, no mention of negative effects from smoking
35
"Think dont smoke" ads results
Lead teens (12 to 17) to believe that companies were positive, less critical eyes, SO they were more likely to smoke
36
"Be Marlboro" message
Smoking is risk taking, cool, defying authority, bonding with peers, asserting freedom
37
Counter Campaigns (goals)
To show the short and long term consequences, deglamorize smoking, and challenge misconceptions
38
"Truth" Campaign goals
Goals were to shift the beliefs and attitudes towards smoking; it marketed itself as a brand, shows the truth of the tobacco industry, teen rebellion
39
"Truth" Campaign Ads
"Guerilla" Ads, did everything on the streets and in your face, hard to avoid
40
"Truth" Campaign data
Had a positive effect on teens, saw an increase on anti-smoke ideals, 22% decline in teen smokers, 1.5% bigger impact on 8th graders, reached 3/4 of American youths, 17% anti e-cigs attitudes, 25% lower odds of intent to use e-cigs
41
The Meth Project (Goal)
To show the increase perceived risk of meth use, show the dangers of meth, decrease the positive perceived effects of meth
42
The Meth Project (data)
Didn't change much, not much was seen
43
The Real Cost (goals)
Ran print and TV ads, focused on what drugs does to the body, forced teen to see what they dont want (look ugly)
44
The Real Cost (data)
89% awareness among comparing youth, prevented 587000 teens from smoking (11-19), it worked!!
45
Tips from smokers
Ads and prints, educational and less fear factor, 54 mil spent, increase from 5.1% of non smokers, increased in people talking about smoking
46
Above the Influence
"Live life above the influence", reduced the start of teens smoking, reduced marijuana use in 8th grade females, no decrease in alcohol and tobacco use
47
What works in Ads?
Exposure to wider audience, Fear, the danger to other people, targeting behavior changes and beliefs
48
What doesn't work in Ads?
Humor, focusing on addiction alone, Long-term effects, celebrities, cosmetic effects
49
What is a school base program
No family component, takin in school and targets high risk youth
50
DARE
Led by police officers, DO NOT WORK, 75% schools used it, targeted 5th grade to high schoolers, 1 to 1.3 billion spend, lead to kids being curious
51
Keepin' it Real
The improved DARE, 12-14 year olds were the target, taught by trained teachers, 45 minutes sessions with boosters, the goal was to improve decision skills,
52
Keepin' it Real (data)
Lowered alcohol usage, 40% reported lower usage of alcohol, had a short term effect (2-8 months), no effects after 12 months
53
Life Skills training Program (Goals)
Holistic program based on risk, they want to prevent alcohol and drug usage, the family was involved, it was cheap and taught in class, reach elementary to high schoolers, improve social skills
54
Life Skills training program (Data)
It was effective, higher drug refusal skills were taught, lower the norm for drinking and smoking, HIGH reduction in drug usage, lasted up to 12 years
55
Shifting social norms
Targeted college students who are in high risk, universal, it was one on one session and focused on the cultural aspect
56
Enviromental prevention Plans
Alcohol free option, limited the amount of alcohol present on campus, they enforce this policy
57
AlcoholEdu
A universal prevention program, targeted norm behaviors, encourages college students to make safer smarter choices, 2 part 3 hour for all freshmen
58
eCheckUp
Uses the answerer you give to be more personalized, reduced dangerous drinking on campus
59
Web-based programs
Cheaper and able to reach a bunch of people BUT may not impact a lot of students
60
DSM-V
A manual that classifies mental health disorders, it presents symptoms along with how many need to present in order to be true
61
DSM-V (Substance)
Each substance has their own category, caffeine isnt one, 18-25 are more likely to have a substance disorder
62
DSM-V (Substance remission)
Early: Less then 12 months but at least 3
Sustained: 12 or more months
-----------------------------------------------
On maintenance therapy: Taking long-term medication for the substance
In a controlled environment: In an environment were the substance isnt present
63
Assessment (Substance)
They analysis every part of that persons life, their past as well, understand cultural difference, assets any mental health problem
64
Screening (Substance)
Its an interview or self-reported measurement to see abuse, able to reach a lot of people, low-cost, able to compare you to the norm
65
CAGE
Screening used to asses hazardous and risky drinking, its widely used
66
AUDIT
Used to identify alcohol use disorder, fast and quick
67
CRAFT
Used for people under 21, it can be in person or self-reported, questioned that add up to point that identify your level of disorder
68
Structured Interview
Semi-structured: allow for open ended questions
Its economical, fast, can be used at trained interviews
69
Addiction Severity Index
Its available in 18 languages, 1 hour of lecture, assess the level of severity/impact
70
Stage change model
5 steps, shows how ready the person is ready to change, its over time
71
Stage change model (Precontemplation)
This stage the person isnt ready to change, they ignore the problems
72
Stage change model (Contemplation)
Getting ready for change, "Sitting on the fence"
73
Stage change model (Preparation)
Testing the water, plan to change within a month
74
Stage change model (Action)
Goal is to change behavior, can be in this stage for 6 months
75
Stage change model (Maintenance)
Continued commitment to new healthy behavior for more than 6 months
76
Stage change model (Relapse)
This can happen at any time, revert to old behaviors
77
Outpatient Care
Short 15 mins to an hour, individual counseling, group therapy, and medication managements
78
Intensive Outpatient
9 hours a week (over a few days) in a structured program, Treatments includes individual therapy, group therapy, education, groups, psychiatric services/medication
79
Partial inpatient/Hospitalization
"Day hospital", 20 hours a week at a structured program, Immediate access to medical and psychiatric services
80
Wilderness programs
Outdoor behavioral health programs, varied in quality
81
Inpatient Hospital
Person is admitted into the hospital (teens can be forced by parents), they are NOT allowed to leave, Removes environmental triggers, 24 hour care
82
Teen Residential Programs
Long term (30-90 days), Provides treatments and academics, they are able to leave
83
Therapeutic boarding school
Similar to residential, fewer staff per students, more academically focus, less complex presentations
84
Therapeutic communities
HIGHLY structured, the main therapist is the community (24 hour), ran by individual in recovery and senior residents, when they are about to graduate (leave) they slowly remove contact (Line-out phase)
85
AA history
Founded by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob, they saw addiction as a disease, welcome all alcoholics in religious revival
86
AA principles
You have to want to stop drinking, Relapses are expected, focuses on character defects, Addiction is a diseases
87
AA meetings
Help talk to each other, Anonymity, Free to speak, Each member would have a sponsor, there is no back to back talk
88
12 steps
First few steps are to admit that you have a problem and god (higher power) can help you, next steps are to believe that high power and practicing and accepting change
89
Types of AA meetings
Step meetings, Discussion meetings, Speaker meetings, Open meetings
90
AA mechanisms of change
Limited back to back talk (cross talking), sober role models, strong ideology of god
91
AA tech/principles (Stimulus control)
Avoid bars, avoid places where alcohol is present and accessible
92
AA tech/principles (Behavioral coping)
Call your sponsors when you have urges, when you have the urge to drink go to a AA meeting
93
AA tech/principles (Cognitive coping)
Using thoughts and prayer to cope with the urge to drink
94
AA tech/principles (Covert Sensitization)
Associations of Alcohol with bad ideas
95
AA tech/principles (Self-management)
delayed reinforcers vs. immediate reinforcers
96
AA tech/principles (Expanding behavioral repertoire)
Learn social skills, establish social support; implement new reinforcement
97
AA tech/principles (Modeling)
Focuses on what senior do and watch and learn from them
98
Minnesota model (goals)
Clinic based AA, the goal was to abstain from drugs and alcohol (not tobacco and caffeine), 4 week stay,
99
Minnesota Model Tenets
1) People can change their beliefs, attitudes and behaviors
2) Goal of abstinences and improvement of lifestyle
3) Disease model (loss of control over use, progressive condition, can lead to death)
4)Multimodal approach to treatment (not anonymous)
100
Research on AA
12 step are effective as after substance abuse treatment,1.5% under 21 and 7.9% 20 to 30 are sober due to AA
101
AA critique
People are different AA is meant for everyone yet it not, recovery can happen differently for everyone, the focused on god isn't for everyone
102
AA for teens
Not a lot of data for them, 49% of the sample relapsed, Absence rate went down 1 to 2 year post treatment, females show more benefits from AA
103
Which teen attend AA meetings
People who want to change, anxious people (due to the anonymity), extroverts aren't as good here, More females, more spiritual orientated people
104
Who will stay in AA?
Members in AA close to their own age, involvement in active work, goal for abstinence, 86% of adults use AA as after care, people who attend AA often, Active participation in AA meetings
105
What teen like from AA
Peer-led group, FREE, flexible times, confidentiality, no parents, social support
106
What teens hate from AA
Labeling themselves as addicts, feeling as if they hit rock bottom since they don't have a formed identity, Powerless, Abstinence, Spirituality, Choice, Age, Self-fulfilling prophecy, drinking patterns,
107
SMART
Self-empowerment addiction group, abstinence focus, has an adult and teen group
108
SMART (4 points)
Build and maintain motivation, help cope with urges, Mange thoughts (feelings and behaviors), Lifestyle balance
109
Women for Sobriety
Focus on abstinence, power to change of thinking, build emotionally and spiritually, 13 statements used daily (Admit you have a problem, using emotions to build yourself up)
110
Moderation Management
People who avoid AA can do this, the goal is to cut down on drinking, while they don't focus on abstaining it's still possible
111
Moderation Management (9 step)
Information about alcohol, drinking guidelines, monetization exercises, goal setting techs, self-management strats
112
Pros for Abstinence
Most direct, no temptations, Controlling drinks is hard, this is a disease if not controlled you can DIE, a better life
113
Cons for abstinence
Abstinence ignores different levels of problems, controlling drink is possible, better option for people who dont want to abstain, alternative to disease model.
