D1 Flashcards by Kevin Oler

Define: Work

force x distance

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Describe: Charge

Symbol used in formula: Q
Electrical Unit: Coulomb
Measured Unit: C

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Describe; Power

Symbol used in formula: P
Electrical Unit: Watt
Measured Unit: W

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Describe: Resistance

Symbol used in formula: R
Electrical Unit: Ohm
Measured Unit: Greek letter omega

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Describe: emf or PD

Symbol used in formula: E
Electrical Unit: Volt
Measured Unit: V

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Describe: Current

Symbol used in formula: I
Electrical Unit: Ampere
Measured Unit: A

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P or pico

10^-12

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N or nano

10^-9

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u or micro

10^-6

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m or milli

10^-3

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k or kilo

10^3

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M or mega

10^6

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G or giga

10^9

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one horsepower

746 watts

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formula for motor efficiency

output watts/input watts x 100 = efficiency %

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Energy =

power x time

Unit: Kw h

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Define: Matter

anything that occupies spaces or has mass

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Define: Element

contains atoms of only one type

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Define: Compound

contains atoms of more than one type

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Define: Atom

smallest unit into which and element can be broken and still possess the properties of that element

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Define: Molecule

smallest independent unit which a substance can be broken and still retain the properties of that substance

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Atomic number

of any element is always equal to the number of protons in its nucleus

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valence shell or orbital

is the outer orbital of an atom

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how many electrons in can a valence orbital hold?

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Stable octet

when an atom has eight electrons in the valence shell.

How many valence electrons do conductors have?

from 1 to 3

How many valence electrons do insulators have?

from 5 to 8

How many electrons do semi-conductors have?

exactly four

anion

negatively charged atom

cation

positively charged atom

First law of charged bodies states that

Like charges repel and unlike charges attract

Polarity

charge at one point with respect to another

List three ways bodies become charged

Friction Conduction Induction

List the useful applications of electrostatic charge

``` Painting Sandpaper manufacturing Smoke precipitator Air filters Xerography ```

List two hazards of electric charge

Lighting | Spark while refueling a vehicle

The direction of electron flow

negative to positive in the circuit | positive to negative in the source

List the six ways to produce emf

``` Friction Chemical Pressure Heat Light Magnetism ```

Define: triboelectric effect or friction

two dissimilar materials are rubbed together, one material can transfer some of its electrons to the other

Define: electrochemical effect

when a chemical process is used to produce electricity. example: batter

Define: piezoelectric effect

Mechanical stress of a crystal causing displacement of electrons. example: weigh scale pad

Define: thermoelectric effect

when a junction of two dissimilar metals is heated. example: thermocouple use to sense temperature

Define: photovoltaic effect

when photons of light strike the surface of some materials causing the electrons to flow.

Define magnetoelectric effect

used to produce electricity that is used in homes and business

A Coulomb equals

6.24 x 10^18 electrons

Ohm's Law

E = I X R

Watt"s Law 1

P = E x I

Watt's Law 2

P = I^2R

Watt's Law 3

P = E^2/R

Ohm's Law direct proportion

if the applied voltage is doubled, the current will also double

Ohm's Law inversely proportional

if the resistance is doubled, the current will decrease to half of its previous value.

Pictorial diagrams

Components are drawn as they appear Components are in their actual circuit position Three- dimensional

One-line diagrams

Components show their name, type, and # not used to show actual position of components single lines do not show return path for curcuit

Wiring diagram

show the actual location of components components are shown in symbol form show how it is wired

Schematic diagrams

shows electrical relationship but no physical | shows how the circuit works not how it looks

List three basic parts of a circuit

source load conductors

Define: Short circuit

parallel path of low resistance

Voltmeters hookup in

parallel with the device in which the voltage is to be measured. have high resistance so no current will flow the meter.

Ammeters hook up in

series with the circuit | have a low resistance shunt so all the current will flow through the meter

List three types of fixed resistors

wire-wound film resistor carbon-composition

In what units is a resistor rated

in ohms and watts

what is a trip-free breaker

it cannot be prevented from tripping by holding the handle in the ON position

Define: Ductility

ability or a material to be drawn in to a wire

Define: Malleability

ability of a material to be rolled or hammered into thin sheets

Define: Ultimate strength

amount of mechanical stress a wire will withstand before breaking

Bunch stranded wires are generally used for

flexible cords

XLPE or X Link

Cross-linked or polyethylene

Which colour is used for grounding

Bare or green

Which colour is used for neutral

White or natural grey

Which colour is can be used for high side or the hot wire

Yellow Blue Red Black

CEC defines low voltage as

31V to 750V