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Year 1 AHW > Dairy Cattle Husbandry > Flashcards

Dairy Cattle Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

What is a dry cow?

A

Not milking (far off/transitio 3-4 weeks)

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2
Q

What is a suckler cow?

A

Beef cow until weaning

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3
Q

What is a barren cow?

A

Failed to conceive

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4
Q

What is a steer/bullock/stirk?

A

Castrated male

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5
Q

What is a heifer?

A

Young female

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6
Q

What is a maiden heifer?

A

First calf

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7
Q

Why do cows need an area to lie-down?

A

To rest and ruminate

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8
Q

What are the advantages of straw bedding?

A

Comfort, choice of lying position, decreased lameness

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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of straw bedding?

A

More bedding required, increased mastitis

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10
Q

How is bacteria controlled in straw bedding?

A

Compost effect kills, daily top up needed

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11
Q

How should water/food be positioned with straw bedding?

A

Separate with concrete/matting to stop faeces and straw

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12
Q

What is the minimum lying space per cow?

A

7.5m squared

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13
Q

What lying space is recommended?

A

1.25 m squared per 1000l of milk

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14
Q

How much extra space should be given as a loafing area?

A

3m squared

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15
Q

What are the advantages of cubicles?

A

Higher cleanliness, more efficient, individual lying space, lower mastitis

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16
Q

Why is a rectangular space better for straw bedding?

A

Cows like lying against walls

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17
Q

What are the disadvantages of cubicles?

A

Lameness increased

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18
Q

How much lunging space is needed at the front of the cubicle?

A

70-100cm

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19
Q

What is the minimum cubical lengths?

A

2.3m if open, 2.6m if closed

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20
Q

What should a cubical width be?

A

1.2m

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21
Q

How high should a cubical kerb be?

A

15-20cm

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22
Q

What does a brisket board do and where does it go?

A

Stops the cows lying too far forward 1.6m-1.8m

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23
Q

What can be used for bedding in a cubical?

A

Straw, sand, sawdust, manure solids, water bed

24
Q

What is the legal minimum number of cubicles?

A

1 per cow

25
Q

What is the recommended number of cubicles?

A

15-20% extra

26
Q

What is the comfort quotient and what should it be over?

A

% engaging with cubical and should be over 80%

27
Q

How can you test padding?

A

Knee drop test

28
Q

What can improve grip of the floors?

A

Grooved flouring- hexagonal best

29
Q

What are the disadvantages of automatic scrapers?

A

Wave of faeces, cows can get caught

30
Q

How much feeding space is needed?

A

10cm per 1000l

31
Q

How should a feeding area in cubicles be positioned?

A

Either lifted up or space for 1 foot forwards with smooth surface at bottom

32
Q

How much space is needed for single passage, directional and a feed passage?

A

1.2m single, 2.4m directional, feed passage 4.6m

33
Q

How much water is needed per cow?

A

100l per cow

34
Q

What should the water top up rate be?

A

15-20ml/min

35
Q

How much colostrum should a calf have before 12 hours?

A

10% BW before first 2 hours
10% in next 6-12 hours
Force feed if necessary

36
Q

If colostrum harvested from cow how long can it be kept in the fridge/freezer?

A

Fridge less then 24 hours

Freezer less the 1 year

37
Q

How can colostrum intake be tested?

A

Test blood from 24 hours-7 days- 55g/l protein

38
Q

What is the usual amount and recommend amount of milk given to a calf?

A

usual- 2l twice a day

recommended- 5-6l in two freed (15% of BW)

39
Q

What % of milk replacer should CP and fat be?

A

CP- 20-26%

Fat- 18-20%

40
Q

How much extra milk should be given for every 5 degrees below 15 for under 3 week old calves and below 10 degrees for calfs over 3 weeks old?

A

0.3l per 5 degrees

41
Q

Why is water important during weaning?

A

For rumen growth and development- should always be available

42
Q

What needs to be considered for calf housing?

A 
feeding- milk and rumen development
health- calf contact
Ventilation
Hygiene
Welfare- social interactions/movement
43
Q

Why might a ventilator be needed for calf shed?

A

Animals not big enough for stack effect

44
Q

What is the minimum amount of space a calf should be given individual or in groups?

A

Individual- 1.8m x 1m
Groups- 1.5m² up to 150kg
2m² 150-200kg

45
Q

What should the minimum size of feeding space be?

A

0.35m

46
Q

What should the max air speed, and ideal inlet and outlet be?

A

Air speed- 0.25m/s
inlet- 0.05m²
Outlet- 0.04m²

47
Q

What are the disadvantages and advantagesof group housing?

A

Dis- 10-15% less growth from competition, diseases spread more easily, navel suckling
Adv- lower labour more social interaction

48
Q

What is the target DLWG before weaning?

A

0.7-0.8kg

49
Q

What should mortality rate be below?

A

5%

50
Q

What weight should calfs be when weaning?

A

70kg

51
Q

When 12 MO(puberty), 15 MO (first service), 24 MO (calved) what % of expected adult weight should cow be?

A

12 MO- 45-50%
15 MO- 65%
24 MO- 85-90%

52
Q

When should tagging take place?

A

1st before 36 hours
2nd before 20 days
Passport before 27 days

53
Q

When should disbudding be done?

A

Before 2 MO under anaesthetic

54
Q

When should castration be done?

A

Rubber ring under 1 week

Stock person under 2 months

55
Q

What is the DLWG from weaning to 4 MO, 4 MO-breeding, pregnancy and last 2 month of pregnancy?

A

weaning- 4MO 0.9kg
4 MO- breeding 0.7kg
Pregnancy- 0.9kg
Last 2 Months- 0.6kg

Year 1 AHW (9 decks)

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