Daly Lecture 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Why do we use pharmacoeconomic assessments?
-to measure value or products and services
Why is outcomes research important?
-they demonstrate pharmacist effectiveness
-they document overall benefit of an intervention
-they determine a national standard for pharmaceutical care
What is the main aim of pharmaeconomics?
to determine efficiency
What is the typical duration of pharmacoeconomics research?
-long term
What are the three types of outcomes of interest?
-clinical
-humanistic
-economic
True or false: each of the three types of outcomes of interest are mutually exclusive.
FALSE. they are not mutually exclusive.
What are some examples of economic outcomes of interest?
-health-related QOL
-patient satisfaction
-reduced activity days
What type of study design are decision tree models and markov models?
simulation designs
What type of study design is a claims data analysis?
observational study design
What type of study design is a RCT or economic clinical trial?
experimental design
What does the IRB or investigational review board do?
-ensure that study is ethical
What are the advantages of using published literature as a pharmacoeconomics application strategy?
-quick
-inexpensive
-subject to peer review
-resulta can be from RCT
-variety of results can be examined
What are the disadvantages of using published literature as a pharmacoeconomics application strategy?
-results from RCT
-difficult to generalize results
-may not be comparative
-misuse of PE terms
-variations in rigor/quality
What are the advantages of building an economic model as a PE application strategy?
-inexpensive
-quick
-yields organization-specific results
-bridges efficacy and effectiveness
-data collection is unobtrusive
What are the disadvantages of building an economic model as a PE application strategy?
-results dependent on assumptions
-potential for researcher bias
-controversial
-reluctance of decision makers to accept results
What are the disadvantages of conducting a PE study as a PE application strategy?
-expensive
-time consuming
-difficult to control and randomize
-potential for patient selection bias
-potential for small sample size
What are the advantages of conducting a PE study as a PE application strategy?
-flexible
-usually comparative
-yields organization-specific data
-reflects “usual care” or effectiveness
-data from multiple sources can be used
Which PE application strategies yield organization-specific results?
-buildling an economic model
-conducting a PE study
How many objectives need to be quantifiable?
at least one
What are the four types of perspectives?
- patient
- payer
- provider
- societal
What is the value of pharmacoeconomics today? (how is it used)
-evaluate the value of pharmacy services
-contract with payers
-determine cost-effective therapy recommendations for patients/partners
-open new opportunities/new pharmacist jobs
What is applied pharmacoeconomics?
putting PE principles, methods, and theories into practice to asses the value of pharmaceutical products and services used in “real-world” practice settigns
What are specific applications of economic assessments?
- formulary management
- clinical guidelines
- drug use policies
- service or program evaluation
- individual patient treatment decisions
