Dance knowledge Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
Alignment
A
The relationship of the skeleton to the line of gravity and base of support
2
Q
Aural setting
A
The sounds that accompany the dance. Music, found sounds, natural sounds & voice
3
Q
Balance
A
A state of equilibrium referring to the balance of weight
4
Q
6 basic actions
A
Elevation, traveling, stillness, gesture, turning and falling
5
Q
Fragmentation
A
To use only part of a motif to isolate movements
6
Q
Principles of safe dance
A
Alignment, strength & stamina, flexibility, co-ordination & technical skill and general body maintenance
7
Q
The correct alignment runs through what?
A
The ear lobe, shoulder, hip joint, behind the patella, in front of the ankle joint
8
Q
Which muscles are responsible for maintaining an up right posture?
A
The anti-gravity postural muscles
9
Q
Which two muscles work together to balance the body?
A
The anterior and posterior muscles
10
Q
What do the anterior and posterior muscles do
A
Extend and contract to balance the body
11
Q
What does the spine do?
A
Protects the spinal nerve chord, supports the head, ribs and hips, maintains an upright posture and absorbs shock
12
Q
How many curves does the spine have and what do they do?
A
- They speed stress
13
Q
What absorbed shock when landing from jumps
A
The cartilaginous spongy discs between the vertebrae
14
Q
What are the three main sections in the foot?
A
The tarsus, the metatarsus and the phalanges (toes)
15
Q
Possible issues with the spine
A
The extensor muscles can give an over extended back and the flexor muscles can give a curved spine
16
Q
What’s plantar flexion?
A
Pointing the feet
17
Q
What’s dorsi flexion?
A
Flexing the foot
18
Q
What is the strongest joint?
A
The hip
19
Q
Why is the hip the strongest joint?
A
Because of its heavy net of ligaments
20
Q
What are the problems with having tight muscles around the hip?
A
It can create misalignment and forces turn out
21
Q
What type of joint is the hip joint?
A
A ball and socket joint. It gives great stability but also a large about of movement
22
Q
What to do when injured?
A
PRICED Prevent further injury Rest Ice Compress Elevate Diagnosis
23
Q
What is warm up?
A
A warm up is a gradual physical and mental preparation for greater exercise later
24
Q
What does a warm up do?
A
Increase breathing and heart rate Increases temp. in muscles Increases flexibility Increases reaction speed Increases blood sugar and adrenaline levels
25
What is a cool down?
A cool down is a gradual slowing down of the circulation in order to return safely to a resting heart rate
26
What does a cool down do?
Promotes blood circulation to remove waste products like toxins
Prevents soreness in muscles
And prevents pooling of blood
27
What is flexibility?
Flexibility is the freedom to move. Flexibility involves increasing muscular elasticity so that a large range of motion may be reachable
28
What are the limits to flexibility?
Tight ligaments, tendons or bone restriction.
29
What is flexibility effected by?
Age, gender, room temperature, training and body type
30
What do more flexible bodies do?
Avoids misalignment, muscle tears and general injury
31
What are the two areas that effect flexibility?
Joints and stretching
32
What are the three types of joints?
Cartilaginous joints
Fibrous joints
Synovial joints
33
What are cartilaginous joints?
They are joints that allow little movement but offer great strength. The cartilage, containing water, acts as a cushion between bones. For example the spinal vertebrae
34
What are fibrous joints?
These joints allow little to no movement. For example the flat bones in the skull
35
What are synovial joints?
These joints are the most mobile. So in dance these joints offer most concern. For example the hips, the shoulders, the figures, the toes, the knees and the ankles
36
What do joints range from?
Flexion, extension, addiction, abduction, rotation and circumduction
37
What is strength?
Strength is the capacity to exert a muscle contraction against resistance.
38
What does strength do?
Strength reduces risk of injury
Improves flexibility
Improves co-ordination & performance
Enhances the toned 'look' to the body
39
What are the two types of muscle contractions?
Isotonic and isometric contractions
40
What is an isotonic contraction?
An isotonic contractions is a dynamic contraction where the length of the muscle is changed but the tone remains constant. E.g batment tondu. Kicking the leg to the side
41
What is an isometric contraction?
An isometric contraction is a static contraction where the length of the muscle remains the same but the tone increases. For example holding the leg up to the side
42
What is stamina?
Stamina is the endurance of either a muscle or the heart and breathing. It is crucial to prevent injury
43
How can stamina be be important for reducing injury?
Because once fatigue sets in, mistakes in judgment or stresses in muscles can cause injury
44
What are the two parts stamina can be delivered in?
Muscular insurance and cardiovascular insurance
45
What is muscular insurance?
The ability for the muscles to continue to contract over a period of time
46
What is cardiovascular endurance and what does it concern?
The ability to continue areobic activity over a period of time. It concerns the heart and lungs
47
How is stamina increased?
By progressive overload
48
What is co-ordination?
It is the skill of balance, control of energy and accurate of action
49
How is co-ordination improved?
By repetition
50
What does the nervous system consist of?
The nerves: neurones
Reflexes and receptors
The brain
51
The two types of neurones
Sensory and motor
52
What are sensory neurones?
They transmit messages and co-ordinate to the brain
53
What are motor neurones?
The pass impulses from the brain to the muscles
54
What are interpretive skills?
```
Projection
Emphasis
Group awareness
Musicality
Involvement of the whole self
```
55
What is projection?
Projection involves throwing the energy out from the body to give a quality of life. The feelings and ideas are reached out beyond the body to the audience.
56
What to do to work on better projection
```
Efficient and correct use of energy
Correct breathing
Facial expressions
Focus
Correct orientation
```
57
What is focus
Focus can emphasise a line in the body or an emotion
58
What is musicality?
Numbering the movement phrases as you dance your movement memory to be musical. Developing musicality is important to stay with the music and accent important moments in the music
59
What is phrasing?
Phrasing is single actions joined together to make up a phrase.
60
What are the two types of phrases?
Phrase length and phrase shape
61
What is phrase length?
The length of the phrase depends on its content. It can be any speed or duration. Breath can help regulate this
62
What is phrase shape?
The shape of the phrase is mapped according to where the high and low points in the dance are. Breath can help regulate this
63
What can focus do?
It can change emotion, emphasis and tension.
64
What can shape and volume do?
Shapes convey different ideas and impressions. A curved shape gives. volume and this give it a romantic, lyrical and graceful feel
65
What is important in group awareness?
Peripheral vision is essential
Space and timing
Communication in rehearsal is key.
66
What does space do?
Space helps covey a dance idea. There is personal space and general space
67
Rule for contact work
Slowly
Support
Stop
68
Warm up exercises to mention
Salutes to the sun
Swings
Metatarsal warm up
69
Important factors about rehearsal
Be Involves, Informed and Inspired
Be Concentrated, Committed and Careful
Leave troubles outside the studio
70
Safety in dance spaces
The floor must be sprung
Dancers should remove jewellery and footwear
Hair should be put back
Room from. should be a minimum of 18*c and preferable between 21*c and 24*c
There should be no obstacles in the space
Ceilings should be high
Lighting levels must be high
Mirrors can be helpful
71
What are the basic considerations of a balanced diet?
What to eat
When to eat
How to eat
Eating disorders
72
What to eat?
A dancer needs around 2000 calories daily. Eat protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins AND DRINK LOTS OF WATER
73
When to eat?
After sport. Two hours are needed for digestion. Several meals daily
74
What are the movement components?
Actions space dynamics relationships
75
Music in relation to dance
```
Direct correlation
Music visualisation
Showing and emphasising a character or narrative
Call and response
Disassociation
Mutual co-existence
```
76
What are the performance components?
Set, lighting, costume, props and film
77
What is the purpose for lighting?
It changes mood, creates images and adds meaning to enhance the dance idea
78
What is the purpose for costume?
It emphasised mood by choice of colour, fabric, texture and shape. It enhances lines and shapes. It clarifies character and narrative
79
What is the purpose in film?
The use of camera can give spontaneity and directs focus to important moments.
80
What are the problems with filming?
The viewers are directed where to look rather than given a choice. Some of the movement can be lost and dimensions are lost
81
What to do when starting a dance?
Research, experiment, select, refine & organise, rehearsal, perform
82
The importance of journals
You can keep track of what you've done, your progress and what is left to be done.
83
Why is improvising important?
So that you have moments to explore and change. Experimenting with movement creates originality
84
What are the choreographic devices?
Repetition, variation, contrast, climax, highlight and motif development
85
How can you vary and motif?
By changing size, levels, focus, orientation, tempo and dynamics
86
How can you develop a motif?
By altering basic body movement, adding movement, retrograde it or fragment it
87
What is contrast?
Adding new material that is different to previous moments
88
What is a highlight?
A moment the choreographer wishes to emphasise. The movement is impressive and memorable. There maybe several.
89
What is a climax?
One moment that the dance gradually builds to. The main high point in the dance.
90
What are some compositional structures?
```
Binary
Ternary
Rondo
Theme&variation
Episodic
Chance
```
91
What is a binary structure?
It has two contrasting sections. A,B
92
What is a ternary structure?
Two contrasting sections but three sections all together A,B,A
93
What is a rondo structure?
A theme that returns after a contrasting theme A,B,A,C,A,D
94
What is a theme and variation structure?
It is when a theme is varied each time A,B,C,D
95
What is an episodic structure?
The theme appears in episodes like a story that gradually unfolds
96
What is a chance structure
Random themes placed in random orders
97
Abstraction
An idea or concept conveyed through movement and removed from its original context
98
What is physical skill?
Strength, stamina and flexibility
99
What are expressive skills?
Focus, musicality, sense of style, projection, communication and relationships
100
What are technical skills?
Posture, alignment, co-ordination, balance
101
What is the rehearsal process?
Selection, refinement and feedback
102
Infra section with blonde girl and man
Infra 2
103
Section with strips of light
Infra 4
