Data Collection and Ethics in Research

Question 1

What are the process in research?

Answer 1

Define,
Narrow,
Gather,
Create
Develop,
Find,
Cite,
Write

Question 2

It is the process of structuring techniques and strategies that help researchers solve their problems or answer their inquiry.

Answer 2

Research design

Question 3

What are the approaches to qualitative research?

Answer 3

Ethnography,
Grounded theory,
Case study,
Phenomenology,
Historical approach,
Survey Research,
Correlational research,
Causal-comparative research,
Experimental research

Question 4

This involves studying a particular group or population in the natural setting or
in their habitat. It aims to describe, analyze, and interpret behavior patterns, belief systems, and unique language of people in a particular culture of ethnicity. It is best used in
studying culture-sharing group in their natural environment. The culture-sharing group may
be a school, a family, or a community.

Answer 4

Ethnography

Question 5

What is the technique used in ethnography?

Answer 5

Observation (data gathered are naturally observed; no alterations done in the environment; takes a long time to be finished)

Question 6

This is commonly used to elicit different ideas, opinions, or beliefs from the respondents when a unified theoretical explanation is needed about an event, an action, or a process that fits the situation or actual work in practice. It involves construction of hypotheses and theories through the collecting and analysis of data.

Answer 6

Grounded Theory

Question 7

What is the technique use in grounded theory?

Answer 7

Series of data gathering procedures to validate info gathered from the participants (interview, observations, focus groups)

Question 8

This is done when a researcher would want to know the deeper details about a certain situation, event, activity, process, and even a group of individuals.

The analysis unit in this approach may be a single case or multicases.

Answer 8

Case study

Question 9

What is the technique use in case study?

Answer 9

observation, interviews, anecdotal documentations

Question 10

This describes the common meaning of several individuals’ lived experiences about a phenomenon. The purpose of this approach is to generate a universal description of a phenomenon from its several individual contexts. Drawing out relationships and patterns of gathered data are done to gain deeper understanding about the experiences and the research respondents.

Answer 10

Phenomenology

Question 11

What are the techniques used in Phenomenology?

Answer 11

observation, interview

Question 12

This is a systematic collection and evaluation of information, which may include documents, stories, and artifacts to describe, explain, and eventually understand events and actions that happened in the past.

Answer 12

Historical approach

Question 13

Techniques used in historical approach?

Answer 13

evaluation of documents

Question 14

This is the most fundamental tool for all quantitative outcome research methodologies and studies. Surveys are used to ask questions to a sample of respondents, using various types such as online, paper questionnaires, web-intercept surveys, etc.

This is used by a small or big orgs. to understand the customer behavior. A pre-requisite for this type of research is that sample of respondents must have randomly selected members to maintain the accuracy of obtained results.

Answer 14

Survey research

Question 15

What are the 2 types of survey?

Answer 15

Cross-sectional and longitudinal

Question 16

This is a survey conducted in situations where the research intends to collect data from a sample of the target population at a given point in time.

Ex. Determine how many people in a community engage in smoking, survey that asks the participants whether they have a history of mental illness

Answer 16

Cross-sectional study

Question 17

This are surveys conducted across various time durations to observe a change in respondent behavior and thought-processes. This time can be days, months, years or even decades.

Ex. a study on the change of buying habits of teenagers over 5 years, study on the change in the market trend

Answer 17

Longitudinal study

Question 18

This is conducted to establish a relationship between two closely-knit entities and how one impacts the other and what are the change that are eventually observed. Patterns, relationships, and trends between variables/entities are concluded as they exist in their original setup.

Answer 18

Correlational research

Question 19

This research method mainly depends on the factor of
comparison. This method is used by researchers to conclude the cause-effect equation between two or more variables.

Answer 19

Causal-comparative research

Question 20

This research method is reliant on a theory. This theory has not been proven in the past and is merely a supposition.

An analysis is done around proving or disproving the statement.

Answer 20

Experimental research

Question 21

What are the advantages of sampling?

Answer 21

• saves time, effort, resources
• minimizes casualties
• paves the way for thorough investigation
• allows easy data handling collection and analysis

Question 22

It involves information-rich cases that manifest the phenomenon
intensely, but not extremely (e.g., good students and poor students, above average and
below average)

Answer 22

Intensity sampling

Question 23

It selects all cases that meet some predetermined criterion. This
strategy is typically applied when considering quality assurance issues.

Answer 23

Criterion sampling

Question 24

What are the classifications of data according to source?

Answer 24

Primary - directly by the researcher (Conducting surveys, interviews, or experiments to gather firsthand information.)
secondary data - collected by someone else (e.g. books, government reports, past research, or online databases.)

Question 25

What are the ethics in research?

Answer 25

Beneficence (minimize harm and maximize benefits) Respect (for human dignity and right to full disclosure) Justice (right to fair treatment and right to privacy) Transparency