Data Communication And Network Topology

Question 1

P2P model

Answer 1

Peer to peer model. It’s a communication model in which each party has the same capabilities.

Question 2

Each IP packet consists of

Answer 2

Each packet consists of a header which provides info about the packet’s contents, origin, and destination

Question 3

size of IPv4

Answer 3

32 bits

Question 4

Size of IPv6

Answer 4

128 bits

Question 5

What is IP address

Answer 5

Internet protocol address is used to identify a device on the internet.
It’s assigned to each node in a network

Question 6

Fastest wired medium of transmission

Answer 6

Optical fibre

Question 7

Fastest wireless medium of transmission

Answer 7

Microwave

Question 8

Define bandwidth

Answer 8

The maximum data transfer rate of a network is called its bandwidth

Question 9

Difference between guided and unguided media

Answer 9

Guided media uses cables to connect computers, whereas unguided media uses electromagnetic waves

Question 10

Wired or wireless medium is faster?

Answer 10

Wired

Question 11

Difference between packet switching and circuit switching

Answer 11

Packet switching
- data is divided into packets and packets is sent independently
- data is processed at all intermediate nodes including the source system
- no physical path between source and destination
- high latency

Circuit switching
- there is a dedicated path for each packet in circuit switching
- data is processed at the source system only
- there is a physical path between the source and the destination
- low latency

Question 12

Difference between packet switching and message switching

Answer 12

Packet switching
- there’s a tight upper limit on the block size
- all packets are stored in main memory

Message switching
- there is no upper limit
- packets are stored on disk

Question 13

Advantages of optical fibre

Answer 13

• high bandwidth
• can transmit data over long distances
• no electromagnetic interference

Question 14

Difference between twisted pair cable and coaxial cable

Answer 14

Twisted pair cable
- bandwidth not as high as coaxial
- consists of two copper wires twisted around each other like a double helix

Coaxial cable
- has high bandwidth
- consists of copper wire covered by an insulating material

Question 15

Full form of ARPANET

Answer 15

Advanced research project agency network

Question 16

What is a Modem?

Answer 16

Modulator demodulator is used for conversion between analog signals and digital bits.

Sender’s end: it acts as a modulator and converts digital data to analog signals.
Receiver’s end: it acts as a demodulator and converts analog signals to digital data

Question 17

What is RJ45

Answer 17

Registered jack-45 is an eight pin connector used exclusively with ethernet cables

Question 18

What is web hosting?

Answer 18

Web hosting is a service that allows users to put a website or a webpage onto the internet and make it a part of the world wide web

Question 19

Name some web browsers

Answer 19

• google chrome
• microsoft edge
• mozilla Firefox
• opera
• Safari

Question 20

What is PAN

Answer 20

Personal Area Network
- connects few personal devices
- range: 10 metres
- can be wired or wireless

Question 21

What is WPAN

Answer 21

wireless PAN

Question 22

What is LAN

Answer 22

Local Area Network
- range: upto 1km

Question 23

What is MAN

Answer 23

Metropolitan Area Network
- extended form of LAN
- range: upto 30-40km

Question 24

What is WAN

Answer 24

Wide Area Network
- connects devices across countries and continents

Question 25

What is Ethernet

Answer 25

Ethernet is a set of rules that decides how computers and other devices connect with each other in a LAN

Question 26

What is Ethernet Card?

Answer 26

Ethernet Card or Network interface card (NIC) is a network adapter used to set up wired network

Question 27

ISP

Answer 27

Internet service provider - organisation that provides services for accessing the internet

Question 28

What is a repeater?

Answer 28

It's a device that amplifies and restores signals for long distance transmission

Question 29

What is a hub?

Answer 29

- It's a device used to interconnect computers through wires. - Data arriving on any of the lines are sent out on all the others. - data from two devices cannot be received simultaneously

Question 30

What is switch?

Answer 30

- device used to interconnect computers through wires - keeps record of MAC address of the devices connected to it - doesn't forward corrupted or noisy signals

Question 31

What is a router?

Answer 31

- connects LAN to the internet - can receive, analyse and transmit data in a network - wireless router provides wifi access to a device

Question 32

What is a Gateway?

Answer 32

- it serves as the entry and exit point of a network - maintains information about the host networks internal connection paths

Question 33

What is MAC address?

Answer 33

Media access control - it known as physical or hardware address - MAC address is engraved on the NIC at the time of manufacturing - it is permanent address and cannot be changed

Question 34

What is WWW?

Answer 34

World wide web - information stored in the form of interlinked web pages and web resources

Question 35

What is HTML?

Answer 35

Hypertext Markup language - used to design standardized web pages

Question 36

What is URI or URL?

Answer 36

Uniform resource identifier OR Uniform resource Locator - unique web address or path for each resource located on the web

Question 37

What is HTTP?

Answer 37

Hypertext transfer protocol - used to retrieve linked web pages across the web

Question 38

What is FTP?

Answer 38

File transfer protocol - simplest and most secure way to exchange files over the internet

Question 39

What is TCP/IP?

Answer 39

Transmission control protocol / Internet protocol - TCP is responsible for verifying the correct delivery of data from client to server - IP is responsible for moving packets from node to node

Question 40

What is SMTP?

Answer 40

Simple mail transfer protocol - standard protocol for email services in TCP/IP networks

Question 41

What is POP3?

Answer 41

Post office protocol version 3 - message access protocol which allows client to fetch an email from remote mail server

Question 42

What is Telnet?

Answer 42

- Allows users to remotely access and manage computer over a network - provides two-way collaborative text based communication channel

Question 43

What is PPP?

Answer 43

Point to point protocol - used between two directly connected computers - byte-oriented protocol widely used in broadband communication having heavy load and high speed

Question 44

What is XML?

Answer 44

Extensible Markup language

Question 45

Difference between web server and web browser

Answer 45

**Web server** - software that hosts websites and serves web pages to clients **Web browser** - Application used to access and display web pages from a web server