Data Formats

Question 1

XML stands for

Answer 1

eXtensible Markup Language

Question 2

• is a text-based format for representing structured information: documents, data, configurations, books, transactions, etc.
• derived from an older standard format called SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language).

Answer 2

XML

Question 3

HTML is a 1. ________ format, with a predefined markup language.
XML is used as a 2. ________. (a language used to describe other languages).

Answer 3

1. fixed
2. metalanguage

Question 4

True or False

XML elements include the opening and closing tag, and everything in between.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

XML can contain
1.
2.
3.

Answer 5

1. Text
2. Attributes
3. Other Elements

Question 6

True or False

Element/Tag Names are not case sensitive

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Element/tag names can contain:

(5 items)

Answer 7

letters, numbers, hyphens, underscores, and periods

Question 8

True or False

Element/tag names can only start with a letter or underscore

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Valid or invalid tag?

<100CMSC>

Answer 9

Invalid

Question 10

True or False

Element names can contain spaces

Answer 10

False

Question 11

True or False

Attributes should not be quoted

Answer 11

False

Attributes must be quoted

Question 12

• an XML document that describes the structure of other XML-based languages.
• They contain constraints about the syntax and valid data types of the document they’re describing.

Answer 12

XML Schema

Question 13

1. List of valid elements
2. Valid types for the elements
3. Structure/syntax of the language

Answer 13

XML Schema/s

Question 14

Documents that use known schemas can use single-line schema declarations like HTML’s ____

Answer 14

DTD

Question 15

DTD meaning

Answer 15

Document Type Definition

Question 16

XML Schemas are used by programs that parse XML content:

Answer 16

• XML Validators
• Code Editors

Question 17

JSON meaning

Answer 17

JavaScript Object Notation

Question 18

True or False

JSON is PL/script independent, but it shares analogous concepts with most programming languages.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or False

It uses similar conventions to C (C, C++, C#), Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Valid or invalid? (JSON)

{
“title”: “HTTP: The Definitive Guide”,
“publisher”: “O’Reilly Media”,
“authors”: [ “Totty”, “Gourly” ]
}

Answer 20

Invalid

JSON must have straight quotation marks: “”

Question 21

JSON data is built on 2 structures:

Answer 21

• Objects
• Arrays

Question 22

True or False

The JSON ‘object’ itself is an object, not an array.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

are collection of key-value pairs separated by colons ( : ) and delimited by commas ( , ).

Answer 23

Objects

Question 24

are ordered lists of values. The contents of an array doesn’t have to be of a single type.

Answer 24

Arrays

Question 25

These data structures are universal. You can find analogous structures in all PLs.

Answer 25

Object - record, dictionary, hash table Array - list, vector, sequence

Question 26

JSON Values can be:

Answer 26

* Strings * Numbers * Boolean * Arrays * Objects * null

Question 27

are a sequence of one or more Unicode characters, surrounded by double quotes. May use escape characters ( ‘\\’, ‘\n’, ‘\t’, etc. )

Answer 27

Strings

Question 28

in JSON are like Numbers in C or Java. They can have decimals and exponents.

Answer 28

Numbers

Question 29

# True or False Keys must be surrounded by double quotes (""), unlike JavaScript Objects.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

# True or False Square brackets [ ] hold arrays Curly braces { } hold objects

Answer 30

True

Question 31

is the process of converting data structures / object states into formats that can be stored and later reconstructed.

Answer 31

Serialization

Question 32

An object to be serialized may be an _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in memory created by a running program.

Answer 32

object/data structure

Question 33

Why serialization?

Answer 33

These objects or data, only existing in computer memory, need to be converted to a serial format before storage or transport.

Question 34

1. _\_\_\_ and 2. _\_\_\_ are common format choices for transporting data over the web.

Answer 34

1. XML 2. JSON

Question 35

is the reverse process whereby data in a serial format is restored into memory (for a program to use).

Answer 35

Deserialization

Question 36

# True or False Both JSON and XML are not self-describing (human readable).

Answer 36

False

Question 37

# True or False Both JSON and XML are not hierarchical.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

XML and JSON Comparison Table

Answer 38

Table --------- Table XML --------------------- JSON More verbose --------- Less verbose Only explicit ----------- Has several data type --------------- data types is String. ---------------- (number, boolean, ----------------------------- string, arrays, objects) Some ambiguous ---- No ambiguity interpretation Both have a human readable, hierarchical structure Many PLs support parsing and writing both formats