Data Representation

Question 1

Define

Natural Numbers

Answer 1

Counting numbers:
N = {1,2,3,4,5,6…}

Question 2

Define

Integer Numbers

Answer 2

Any positive or negative whole number:
Z = {…-2,-1,0,1,2…}

Question 3

Define

Rational Numbers

Answer 3

Includes values that can be represented as fractions or decimals:
Q = {…2/1,2/2,2/3…}
Q = {…2,1,0.5,0.25,0.125…}

Question 4

Define

Real Numbers

Answer 4

Any number that is a natural, integer or rational number.

Question 5

Define

Ordinal Number

Answer 5

Numbers that are used to describe the position in which they appear:
Adam, Belinda, Kyle, Tyler
Adam = 1st, Tyler = 4th

Question 6

Define

Binary Number System

Answer 6

Uses the digits 0 - 1
Base 2

Question 7

Define

Decimal Number System

Answer 7

Uses the digits 0-9.
Base 10

Question 8

Define

Hexadecimal Number System

Answer 8

Consists of 16 distinct symbols — 0 - 9 and A - F.
Base 16

Question 9

Identify

Advantages Of Hexadecimal

Answer 9

• Easier to remember and write compared to binary
• Less chance of errors
• Easy to convert into binary

Question 10

Identify

Uses Of Hexadecimal

Answer 10

• MAC address
• Define Colours
• Machine Code
• Assembly Language

Question 11

Define

Unsigned Integer

Answer 11

A data type that stores positive integer values as ordinary binary numbers; its value is always assumed to be positive.

Question 12

Identify

Binary Multiplication Rules

Answer 12

• 0x0=0
• 0x1=0
• 1x0=0
• 1x1=1

Question 13

Describe

Two’s Complement

Answer 13

A method of representing negative numbers in the binary system. Found by flipping the postive binary representation of the number, flipping all the bits and adding one.

Question 14

Define

Kilobyte

Answer 14

A unit of storage that represents 1000 bytes.

Question 15

Define

Kibibyte

Answer 15

A unit of storage that represents 1024 bytes.

Question 16

Define

Megabyte

Answer 16

A unit of storage that represents 1000 kilobytes.

Question 17

Define

Mibibyte

Answer 17

A unit of storage that represents 1024 kibibytes.

Question 18

Define

Gigabyte

Answer 18

A unit of storage that represents 1000 megabytes.

Question 19

Define

Gibibyte

Answer 19

A unit of storage that represents 1024 mibibytes.

Question 20

Define

Terabyte

Answer 20

A unit of storage that represents 1000 gigabytes.

Question 21

Define

Tibibytes

Answer 21

A unit of storage that represents 1024 gibibytes.

Question 22

Define

Floating Point Numbers

Answer 22

Numbers where the decimal point can float because there is no fixed number of digits before and after the decimal point.

Question 23

Define

Mantissa

Answer 23

The bits used to represent the actual number.

Question 24

Define

Exponent

Answer 24

Number that dictates the position of the floating point.

Question 25

# Define Fixed Point Binary

Answer 25

In what representation of binary is the decimal point kept in the same position.

Question 26

# Define Rounding Errors

Answer 26

The precision of an arithmetic operation is greater than that of the floating-point number format, you can only get so close to representing true value.

Question 27

# Define Absolute Error

Answer 27

The difference between the actual number and the nearest representable value.

Question 28

# Define Relative Error

Answer 28

The ratio of absolute error to actual measure.

Question 29

# Define Precision

Answer 29

How close a group of measurements are to each other.

Question 30

# Define Normalization

Answer 30

Moving the binary point of a floating point number to provide the maximum level of precision for a given number of bits Positive Value: 01 Negative Value: 10

Question 31

# Define Underflow

Answer 31

The result of a calculation is too small to be represented using the available number of bits.

Question 32

# Define Overflow

Answer 32

The result of a calculation is too large to be represented using the available number of bits.

Question 33

# Define Transmission Errors

Answer 33

Errors caused by external or internal factors that cause data to arrive in a different form to how it was originally sent.

Question 34

# Describe Parity Bit

Answer 34

A binary digit appended to a group of binary digits to make the sum of all the digits, including the appended binary digit, either odd or even as established beforehand.

Question 35

# Describe Even Parity

Answer 35

The number of 1s in the sequence add up to an even number.

Question 36

# Describe Odd Parity

Answer 36

The number of 1s in the sequence add up to an odd number.

Question 37

# Describe Majority Voting

Answer 37

Each bit is sent three times, and the receiving computer infers the data from what the majority of bits in the bit transmission show.

Question 38

# Describe Problem With Majority Voting

Answer 38

If the majority of the sent bits are errors, the computer will idenfity the error bit as the correct one.

Question 39

# Explain Checksums

Answer 39

An error detection method using an algorithm to calculate the sum of bytes in a transmission, and this calculated sum is also sent with the transmission. The receiving computer recalculates the sum with the transmission it received, and if the values of the sums don't match with the one appended to the transmission, an error has occured or data has been altered.

Question 40

# Define Character

Answer 40

A letter, number, symbol or control (e.g. spacebar)

Question 41

# Define Character Code

Answer 41

A binary representation of a particular letter, number or special character.

Question 42

# Define American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Answer 42

Each character has its own binary representation, 7 Bit Character set, can represent 0-127 (128) characters.

Question 43

# Define Unicode

Answer 43

A character code that enables most of the languages of the world to be symbolized with a special character identification. Can use 16 or 32 bits

Question 44

# Identify Benefits of Unicode

Answer 44

- Can represent characters from different languages. - Can represent a lot more characters.

Question 45

# Define Digital Data

Answer 45

Data that changes discreetly through a finite set of possible values, patterns of 1s and 0s Breaks analogue signal down into pieces and represents them through binary

Question 46

# Define Pixels

Answer 46

small squares that combine to create an image on a computer monitor (picture elements).

Question 47

# Describe Analogue to Digital Converter

Answer 47

Device that changes analogue data to digital data so that it can be stored on a computer system. e.g. microphone.

Question 48

# Describe Digital To Analogue Converter

Answer 48

A device used to convert digital signals into analogue signals (so the computer can control another device such as a pump, motor, etc).

Question 49

# Describe Bitmap Resolution

Answer 49

The number of pixels used to make up a bitmap image. Width x Height

Question 50

# Define Megapixel

Answer 50

One million pixels, used in reference to the resolution of a graphics device.