Dates and History

Question 1

Answer 1

Proto-geometric period: 1100/11050-900 B.C.

Geometric period: 900-700 B.C.
-ancient geometric period: 900-850 B.C.
-middle geometric period: 850-750 B.C.
-late geometric period: 750-700 B.C.

Orientalizing period: 700-600 B.C.

Archaic period: 600-480 B.C.

Classical period: 480-323 B.C.
-severe style/period of transition (480-450 B.C.)
-high classical period (450-400 B.C.)
-late classical period (400-323 B.C.)

Hellenistic age: 323 B.C.-31 B.C.

Question 2

Answer 2

Proto-geometric period: 1100/11050-900 B.C.

Geometric period: 900-700 B.C.
-ancient geometric period: 900-850 B.C.
-middle geometric period: 850-750 B.C.
-late geometric period: 750-700 B.C.

Orientalizing period: 700-600 B.C.

Archaic period: 600-480 B.C.

Classical period: 480-323 B.C.
-severe style/period of transition (480-450 B.C.)
-high classical period (450-400 B.C.)
-late classical period (400-323 B.C.)

Hellenistic age: 323 B.C.-31 B.C.

Question 3

Answer 3

1100/11050-900 B.C.

Question 4

Answer 4

Geometric period: 900-700 B.C.
-ancient geometric period: 900-850 B.C.
-middle geometric period: 850-750 B.C.
-late geometric period: 750-700 B.C.

Question 5

Answer 5

Orientalizing period: 700-600 B.C.

Question 6

Answer 6

Archaic period: 600-480 B.C.

Question 7

Answer 7

Classical period: 480-323 B.C.
-severe style/period of transition (480-450 B.C.)
-high classical period (450-400 B.C.)
-late classical period (400-323 B.C.)

Question 8

Answer 8

Hellenistic age: 323 B.C.-31 B.C.

Question 9

Answer 9

Geometric age 900-700 BCE
Ancient Geometric 900-850 BCE
Middle Geometric I 850-800 BCE
Middle Geometric II 800-750 BCE
Late Geometric I 750-725 BCE
Late Geometric II 725-700 BCE

Question 10

Answer 10

-Ancient Geometric 900-850 BCE

Question 11

Answer 11

-Middle Geometric I 850-800 BCE

Question 12

Answer 12

-Middle Geometric II 800-750 BCE

Question 13

Answer 13

-Late Geometric I 750-725 BCE

Question 14

Answer 14

-Late Geometric II 725-700 BCE

Question 15

Answer 15

Geometric age 900-700 BCE
Ancient Geometric 900-850 BCE
Middle Geometric I 850-800 BCE
Middle Geometric II 800-750 BCE
Late Geometric I 750-725 BCE
Late Geometric II 725-700 BCE

Question 16

Answer 16

-Structural and cultural transformation

Question 17

Answer 17

-Population growth

Question 18

Answer 18

-Intensification of agricultural production

Question 19

Answer 19

-Increase of material production

Question 20

Answer 20

-Colonization

Question 21

Answer 21

-Social re-organisation –> participation/aggregation processes

Question 22

Answer 22

-Organised and structured communities –> birth of the polis

Question 23

Answer 23

-Establishment of religious practices, emergence of sacred spaces

Question 24

Answer 24

-Re-appearance of script –> Greek alphabet

Question 25

Answer 25

-Geometric style

Question 26

Answer 26

-Structural and cultural transformation -Population growth -Intensification of agricultural production -Increase of material production -Colonization -Social re-organisation --> participation/aggregation processes -Organised and structured communities --> birth of the polis -Establishment of religious practices, emergence of sacred spaces -Re-appearance of script --> Greek alphabet -Geometric style

Question 27

Answer 27

8th Century B.C. revolution: -Structural and cultural transformation -Population growth -Intensification of agricultural production -Increase of material production -Colonization -Social re-organisation --> participation/aggregation processes -Organised and structured communities --> birth of the polis -Establishment of religious practices, emergence of sacred spaces -Re-appearance of script --> Greek alphabet -Geometric style

Question 28

Answer 28

A. Polis B. social community + the main inhabited settlement and the surrounding territory (chora) C. Chora D. main urban center

Question 29

Answer 29

A. 7th Century B.C. B. Eastern C. Orientalizing D. Egyptian

Question 30

Answer 30

The Orientalizing period

Question 31

Answer 31

-circulation of new goods, artists, artisans, techniques

Question 32

Answer 32

-introduction of Eastern iconographic elements (such as griffins, sirens, centaurs, sphinxes, gorgons), spread of the lion image from the Hittite art, decorative motifs such as rosettes, palmettoes, spirals

Question 33

Answer 33

-introduction of new technologies from the East

Question 34

Answer 34

-birth of a new kind of sculpture– ‘Daedalic style’

Question 35

Answer 35

-edifices built in stone with clay roof

Question 36

Answer 36

-new designs for the decoration of Greek pottery: Proto-Corinthian Pottery ; Proto-Attic pottery

Question 37

Answer 37

-progressive socio-economical differentiation

Question 38

Answer 38

-Emergence of the aristocracy

Question 39

Answer 39

-acquisition of new cultural models (for the aristocrats): banquet, ritualized consumption of wine

Question 40

Answer 40

-In some poleis, establishment of tyrant, a single individual holding the political and military power

Question 41

Answer 41

The Orientalizing period -circulation of new goods, artists, artisans, techniques -introduction of Eastern iconographic elements (such as griffins, sirens, centaurs, sphinxes, gorgons), spread of the lion image from the Hittite art, decorative motifs such as rosettes, palmettoes, spirals -introduction of new technologies from the East -birth of a new kind of sculpture– ‘Daedalic style’ -edifices built in stone with clay roof -new designs for the decoration of Greek pottery: Proto-Corinthian Pottery ; Proto-Attic pottery -progressive socio-economical differentiation -Emergence of the aristocracy -acquisition of new cultural models (for the aristocrats): banquet, ritualized consumption of wine -In some poleis, establishment of tyrant, a single individual holding the political and military power

Question 42

Answer 42

Renaissance

Question 43

Answer 43

Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli

Question 44

Answer 44

Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli

Question 45

Answer 45

Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli

Question 46

Answer 46

Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli

Question 47

Answer 47

Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli

Question 48

Answer 48

Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli

Question 49

Answer 49

Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli

Question 50

Answer 50

Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli

Question 51

Answer 51

Proto-Corinthian Pottery Chronology: 1. Ancient Proto-Corinthian style: 720-690 B.C. 2. Middle Proto-Corinthian: 690-650 B.C. 3. Middle Proto-Corinthian I: 690-675 B.C. 4. Middle Proto-Corinthian II: 675-650 B.C. 5. Late Proto-Corinthian: 650-630 B.C. 6. Transitional period: 630-610 B.C.

Question 52

Answer 52

Ancient Proto-Corinthian style: 720-690 B.C.

Question 53

Answer 53

Middle Proto-Corinthian: 690-650 B.C.

Question 54

Answer 54

Middle Proto-Corinthian I: 690-675 B.C.

Question 55

Answer 55

Middle Proto-Corinthian II: 675-650 B.C.

Question 56

Answer 56

Late Proto-Corinthian: 650-630 B.C.

Question 57

Answer 57

Transitional period: 630-610 B.C.

Question 58

Answer 58

Proto-Corinthian Pottery Chronology: Proto-Attic Pottery Chronology: A. Ancient Proto-Attic style: 700-675 B.C. B. Middle Proto-Attic: 675-630 B.C. C. Late Proto-Attic: 630-600 B.C.

Question 59

Answer 59

The Archaic period A. Citizens grouped in pyhlai (tribes), that were divided into groups called phratriai (brotherhoods), further sub-divided in gene (lineages, enlarged families) B. Tyrannies (Peisistratids, Cypselids, Polycrates etc.), authors of infrastructures and new building programs, redistribution of wealth C. At the end of the period, birth of democracy D. Rivalries among poleis, among gene  promotion of architectural sites E. Progressive articulation of the society  specialization of artists and artisans, who sign their works and found workshops F. Sculpture: kouroi and korai G. Architecture: experimentalism, proliferation of building programs, stone built sacred edifices H. Pottery/vase painting: black-figure pottery, red-figure style

Question 60

Answer 60

The Archaic period A. Citizens grouped in pyhlai (tribes), that were divided into groups called phratriai (brotherhoods), further sub-divided in gene (lineages, enlarged families)

Question 61

Answer 61

The Archaic period B. Tyrannies (Peisistratids, Cypselids, Polycrates etc.), authors of infrastructures and new building programs, redistribution of wealth

Question 62

Answer 62

The Archaic period C. At the end of the period, birth of democracy

Question 63

Answer 63

The Archaic period D. Rivalries among poleis, among gene  promotion of architectural sites

Question 64

Answer 64

The Archaic period E. Progressive articulation of the society  specialization of artists and artisans, who sign their works and found workshops

Question 65

Answer 65

The Archaic period F. Sculpture: kouroi and korai

Question 66

Answer 66

The Archaic period G. Architecture: experimentalism, proliferation of building programs, stone built sacred edifices

Question 67

Answer 67

The Archaic period H. Pottery/vase painting: black-figure pottery, red-figure style

Question 68

Answer 68

The Archaic period A. Citizens grouped in pyhlai (tribes), that were divided into groups called phratriai (brotherhoods), further sub-divided in gene (lineages, enlarged families) B. Tyrannies (Peisistratids, Cypselids, Polycrates etc.), authors of infrastructures and new building programs, redistribution of wealth C. At the end of the period, birth of democracy D. Rivalries among poleis, among gene  promotion of architectural sites E. Progressive articulation of the society  specialization of artists and artisans, who sign their works and found workshops F. Sculpture: kouroi and korai G. Architecture: experimentalism, proliferation of building programs, stone built sacred edifices H. Pottery/vase painting: black-figure pottery, red-figure style

Question 69

Answer 69

The Archaic period 600-480 B.C. -Enlargement of sanctuaries

Question 70

Answer 70

The Archaic period 600-480 B.C. -Temple building remains a priority, given its identitarian and self-representation meaning

Question 71

Answer 71

The Archaic period 600-480 B.C. -Architecture is marked by a strong experimental character

Question 72

Answer 72

The Archaic period 600-480 B.C. -Competition among poleis foster sacred architecture

Question 73

Answer 73

The Archaic period 600-480 B.C. -In this period, temples are usually surrounded by colonnades

Question 74

Answer 74

The Archaic period 600-480 B.C. -Architectural orders find found full expression in the Archaic age

Question 75

Answer 75

The Archaic period 600-480 B.C. -Architects and sculptors try to find a solution for the decoration of the pediment

Question 76

Answer 76

The Archaic period: the pottery A. 6th B. Athenian C. Attica D. Mediterranean

Question 77

Answer 77

The Archaic period: the pottery A. 7th B. Athenian

Question 78

Answer 78

The Archaic period : the pottery A. 530 B.C. B. Exekias C. anatomies in motion D. three-quarter views E. Foreshortening F. human emotions and moods

Question 79

Answer 79

The Early Classical Period: the S A. Bilingual B. Andokides C. Exekias D. Pioneers E. Euphronios F. Euthymidesculpture

Question 80

Answer 80

The Archaic period : the pottery A. 514 B.C. B. 511 B.C. C. 506 B.C. D. 490 B.C. E. 480 B.C. F. 479 B.C. G. 477 B.C.

Question 81

Answer 81

The Archaic period : the pottery A. death of Hipparchus B. end of Hippia’s tyranny C. Cleisthenes’ reform: democracy D. Marathon battle E. Salamina battle F. Platea battle G. Establishment of the Delian-Attic League (whose treasure was first kept at Delos and subsequently in Athens): Athenian imperialism

Question 82

Answer 82

The Archaic period : the pottery A. 480 B.C. B. 480-323 B.C. C. 480-450 B.C. D. 450-404 B.C. E. 404-323 B.C.

Question 83

Answer 83

The Archaic period : the pottery A. Persians B. Classical Period C. Severe period D. High Classical period E. Late Classical period

Question 84

Answer 84

Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art A. J. Droysen (1808-1884) conventionally identifies the Hellenistic age with the period subsequent the death of Alexander the Great. B. Urban foundations, promoted by Alessandro and his successors:- Re-foundation of existing centers (Aleppo / Beroea)- Promotion of the transformation of village communities into more complex settlement (Laodicea ad Lycum)- New foundation, in some cases marked by strategic nature (Ai-Kanhoum) C. Circulation of ideas, cultures, goods, wealth, people, technological discoveries D. Spreading of Greek cultural expressions outside of Greece E. Mutual and two-way acculturation process: local communities and Greek Macedonian groups F. Hellenistic Koine

Question 85

Answer 85

Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art A. J. Droysen (1808-1884) conventionally identifies the Hellenistic age with the period subsequent the death of Alexander the Great.

Question 86

Answer 86

Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art B. Urban foundations, promoted by Alessandro and his successors:- Re-foundation of existing centers (Aleppo / Beroea)- Promotion of the transformation of village communities into more complex settlement (Laodicea ad Lycum)- New foundation, in some cases marked by strategic nature (Ai-Kanhoum)

Question 87

Answer 87

Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art C. Circulation of ideas, cultures, goods, wealth, people, technological discoveries

Question 88

Answer 88

Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art A. Eumenes I(263-241 B.C.), defeated Antioch I in 261 B.C. and established the Pergamon realm

Question 89

Answer 89

Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art B. Attalus I (241-197 B.C.) defeated the Galatians twice. He dedicated a new statue for the goddess Athena in the courtyard of her sanctuary. The inscription read: “King Attalos having conquered in battle the Tolistoagii Gauls around the springs of the river Kaikos [set up this] thank-offering to Athena."

Question 90

Answer 90

Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art C. Eumenes II (197-159 B.C.) defeated the Galatians and Antioch III, promoted culture, philosophy, the arts and the sciences, enriched the Pergamonlibrary and enlarged the Asklepieion, dedicated a stoa on the slopes of the Athenian Acropolis

Question 91

Answer 91

Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art D. Attalus II Philadelphus (159-138 B.C.) was known as a patron of the arts and sciences, dedicated a stoa in the Athenian agora, founded the cities of Philadelphia and Attalia

Question 92

Answer 92

Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art E. Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to Rome in 133 B.C.

Question 93

Answer 93

Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art E. Mutual and two-way acculturation process: local communities and Greek Macedonian groups

Question 94

Answer 94

Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art F. Hellenistic Koine

Question 95

Answer 95

Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli 31 July 1391 – 1453/55 He has been called the Father of Archaeology:

Question 96

Answer 96

17th century

Question 97

Answer 97

A. 18th Century CE B. London Society of Dilettanti C. J.J. Winckelmann

Question 98

Answer 98

A. Nemea, sanctuary of Zeus B. 1766 C. Winckelmann

Question 99

Answer 99

A. Nineteenth B. 1816 C. Thomas Bruce, Earl of Elgin D. Aphaia of Aegina E. Bavaria F. Munich

Question 100

Answer 100

A. 1831 B. Kiriakos Pittakis C. Greek Archaeological Society D. 1837

Question 101

Answer 101

A. the Erechtheion, B. the Athena Nike temple, C. the Parthenon D. Panagiotes Kavvadias and Georg Kawerau E. between 1885 and 1890 F. Nicholaos Balanos

Question 102

Answer 102

The Greek Society

Question 103

Answer 103

A. Demeter and Kore at Eleusis B. Seventeenth Century C. Francois Lenormant D. Greek Archaeological Society E. between 1882 and 1945

Question 104

Answer 104

A. F. Lenormant B. Eleusis, the Greater Propylaea C. Cariatid from Lesser Propyleia

Question 105

Answer 105

A. Heinreich Schliemann B. Homer’s C. Troy D. 1870 E. Mycenae F. Tyrins G. Mycenaean civilization H. Stratigraphic F. Interdisciplinary

Question 106

Answer 106

A. H. Schliemann B. Mycenae, Lions’ gate C. Tyrins, palace

Question 107

Answer 107

A. Zeus at Olympia B. E. Curtius and F. Adler C. between 1875 and 1881 D. W. Dörpfeld E. 1906 and 1909 F. 1921 and 1930 G. since 1936 H. E. Kunze

Question 108

Answer 108

A. Apollo at Delphi B. French Archaeological School C. T. Homolle

Question 109

Answer 109

A. end of the 19th B. beginning of the 20th century C. Paolo Orsi D. Umberto Zanotti Bianco E. Sothern Italy F. Magna Graecia

Question 110

Answer 110

A. 20th century C. Federico Halberr D. Crete E. Gortyn, F. Phaistos G. Hagia Triada.

Question 111

Answer 111

A. Tyrins Palace B. Dark Age

Question 112

Answer 112

Demographic decrease

Question 113

Answer 113

Diminishing of attested sites

Question 114

Answer 114

Reduction of pottery forms / sub-Mycenaean style, then substituted by proto-Geometric one

Question 115

Answer 115

Decline of stone sculpture, painting and stone masonry

Question 116

Answer 116

Disappearance of the script

Question 117

Answer 117

Lack of an economic centralized system

Question 118

Answer 118

Isolated settlements scattered in the territory, with few external contacts

Question 119

Answer 119

Probably, passage from a sedentary economy based on agriculture to a nomadic one, that leaves less traces recordable at archaeological level

Question 120

Answer 120

- Demographic decrease - Diminishing of attested sites - Reduction of pottery forms / sub-Mycenaean style, then substituted by proto-Geometric one - Decline of stone sculpture, painting and stone masonry - Disappearance of the script - Lack of an economic centralized system - Isolated settlements scattered in the territory, with few external contacts - Probably, passage from a sedentary economy based on agriculture to a nomadic one, that leaves less traces recordable at archaeological level