Day 1- Immunology, History, and Pathogens

Question 1

Treatment for group A strep Pyrogens

Answer 1

Penicillin- Amoxicillin

Question 2

Treatment for asymptomatic chlymidia

Answer 2

Azithromyocin, sometimes doxycycline
BUT if pregnant- cant use doxy, so use azithromycin

Question 3

Can you use doxycycline in pregnancy?

Answer 3

NO- don’t use it in pregnant women. BUT if you have something very bad, treat anyway w doxy

Question 4

Treatment for gonorrhea

Answer 4

Ceftriaxone
Also treat for chlamydia though, treat for both (so, ceftriaxone and azithromycine (or doxy, the alternate from azithro)).

Question 5

What do you also treat with gonorrhea

Answer 5

Chlamydia
Treat at same time

Question 6

What happens to your T cells if youre born without a thymus

Answer 6

The T cells cant mature and you probably won’t live

Question 7

What happens to the immune system after a splenectomy

Answer 7

Significantly weakened immune system

Question 8

SIRS (Systemic immune response system) is accompanied by which symptoms? Is this caused by pathogens?

Answer 8

Elevated HR, RR, fever

Not only pathogens cause this inflammatory response, but burns could result in this too.

In older patients, they may not show all the signs of SIRS but could have very bad sepsis (and only have tachycardia and tachypenea).

Question 9

Which bacteria is specifically related to abscesses

Answer 9

Staph aureus
Causes neutrophils to explode and phagocotyze.

Question 10

What kind of paralysis does botulism cause

Answer 10

Flaccid paralysis

Question 11

What kind of paralysis does botulism cause

Answer 11

Flaccid paralysis
Teatnus causes spastic paralysis

Question 12

What is the antibody in acute vs late infection

Answer 12

IgM early, IgG late

Question 13

Symptoms of TB

Answer 13

Night sweats, fever, coughing up blood
Living in crowded situations, poor hygiene causes it (Prison inmate, homeless people most common)

Question 14

Bordatella is caused by what

Answer 14

Pertussis

Question 15

Variola virus causes what

Answer 15

smallpox

Question 16

What is the major pathogen that causes mortality due to bacteria with drug resistant strains

Answer 16

Clostridium difficile
This one organism makes up many deaths of all the deaths due to mortality

Tx of it: PO vanco

Question 17

What is the #1 bacterial killer in the world

Answer 17

TB
Lots of drug resistance
Mycobacterium TB causes it
AFB stain (Acid-Fast Bacilli) detects TB

Question 18

What does shigella do to increase its virulance

Answer 18

It can resist stomach acid to improve its ability to cause outbreaks

Question 19

What is the #1 cause of UTIs

Answer 19

E. coli

Question 20

What is the #1 treatment for UTIs

Answer 20

Bactrim (TMP-SMX)

Question 21

What is the antibiotic treatment of choice for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with HIV?

Answer 21

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 22

Which infection is an AIDS-defining condition?

Answer 22

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Question 23

How do you diagnose osteomyelitis

Answer 23

X-ray, periosteum is inflamed and thickened, bone is newly formed in response
Staph aureus causes

Question 24

What test is the most common method of confirming the diagnosis of disseminated infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in persons with HIV?

Answer 24

Blood cultures

Question 25

Fever, headache, stiff neck, and sensitivity to light suggest which disorder

Answer 25

Meningitis

Question 26

Someone with extensive burns may have what symptoms

Answer 26

low grade fever, increased heart and respiratory rate, and elevated WBCs with or without infection due to systemic inflammation

Question 27

Elderly patients will always have a fever with bacterial sepsis, true or false

Answer 27

False- elderly patients may not have a fever with bacterial sepsis

Question 28

Neutrophilia with a left shift suggests what kind of an infection

Answer 28

Bands and neutrophilia suggest Bacterial infection

Question 29

Esoinophilia suggests what kind of infection

Answer 29

helminthic infection

Question 30

Most agents that target TB work to target which part of the cell wall

Answer 30

Mycolic acids in the cell wall

Question 31

What vaccines are specifically directed against capsules

Answer 31

Strep pneumoniae Hemophilius Influenza B Neisseria Meningitidis If you don't have a spleen, these are the big 3 problematic organisms

Question 32

Endotoxin (LPS) is a major cause of what

Answer 32

Septic shock: fever, shock, hypotension, and DIC Lipid A is the toxic part of LPS Cytokine storm Activates TF to cause DIC

Question 33

Exceptions of anaerobes that are not part of normal human flora

Answer 33

Botulism and Teatnus (Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani) Found in soil

Question 34

What are the big 3 medically important illnesses

Answer 34

Tb, HIV, Maleria(not a bacteria-- parasite)

Question 35

Where is the majority of maleria and majority of deaths in the world

Answer 35

Africa

Question 36

What amount of Africa is resistant to chloroquine resistant maleria, and how do you treat it?

Answer 36

Almost all of africa is Chloroquine resistant, so you treat with Artemisinin based combindation therapy (Artemether-lumefantrine, coartem) Anyone who gets maleria from africa should use the Artemether-lumefanterinecoartem