Day 2

Question 1

Lumbar triangle of petit: boundaries and significance

Answer 1

Ext. oblique abdominis
Latissimus Dorsi
Iliac crest
Site of lumbar hernia

Question 2

Triangle of auscultation

Answer 2

Latissimus Dorsi
Trapezius
Medial border of scapula

Question 3

Contents of carotid sheath

Answer 3

Common and internal carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

Question 4

Only bone that does not articulate with another bone

Answer 4

Hyoid bone

Question 5

Only hyoid muscle not attached to hyoid bone

Answer 5

Sternothyroid

Question 6

Four suprahyoid muscles

Answer 6

Digastric
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Question 7

Infrahyoid muscles deep group

Answer 7

Thyrohyoid

Sternothyroid

Question 8

Infrahyoid muscles superficial group

Answer 8

Omohyoid

Sternohyoid

Question 9

Anterior triangle of the neck boundaries

Answer 9

SCM
Lower border of mandible
Ant midline of neck

Question 10

Posterior triangle of neck boundaries

Answer 10

SCM
Clavicle
Trapezius

Question 11

Structures penetrated during lumbar puncture (SSS, I LED AS)

Answer 11

Skin, Superficial Fascia, Supraspinous Ligament, Interspinous Ligament, Ligamentum Flavum, Epidural Space, Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Subarachnoid space

Question 12

IVD herniation in Cervical Region

Answer 12

C5-C6, C6-C7

Question 13

IVD herniation in Lumbar Region

Answer 13

L4-L5, L5-Sacrum

Question 14

Location of IVD herniation

Answer 14

Posterolateral due to: weaker anulus fibrosus, narrower and weaker post longitudinal ligament

Question 15

Nonfusion of the embryonic halves of the vertebral arches

Answer 15

Spina Bifida

Question 16

Nonfusion of the embryonic halves of the vertebral arches: severe type

Answer 16

Spina Bifida Cystica

Question 17

Nonfusion of the embryonic halves of the vertebral arches: MOST severe type

Answer 17

Spina Bifida with Myeloschisis

Question 18

Spina Bifida Occulta - Nonfusion of the vertebral arches at the level ________. Manifests as dimple with tuft of hair.

Answer 18

L5-S1

Question 19

Primary Curvatures

Answer 19

Thoracic and Sacral

Question 20

Secondary Curvatures

Answer 20

Cervical and Lumbar

Question 21

Exaggeration in the sagittal curvature in the thoracic

Answer 21

Kyphosis

Question 22

Increased curvature in Lumbar area due to increase in weight in abdominal contents

Answer 22

Lordosis

Question 23

Lateral deviation of spine; common at what area

Answer 23

Scoliosis; Thoracic region

Question 24

Enumerate parts of vertebral column

Answer 24

Cervical 7, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5, Sacral 1, Coccyx 1

Question 25

C7 also known as

Answer 25

Vertebral prominence

Question 26

Characteristic feature of 1st cervical vertebrae

Answer 26

absent body

Question 27

Eponym of C1

Answer 27

Atlas

Question 28

Seventh cervical vertebra is characterized by having

Answer 28

longest spinous process

Question 29

Atypical cervical vertebrae

Answer 29

C1, C2, C7

Question 30

``` Vertebrae characterized as: short, bifid spinous processes with transverse foramen body small and broad vertebral foramen large and triangular ```

Answer 30

Typical Cervical Vertebrae

Question 31

What goes through the transverse foramen

Answer 31

Vertebral artery

Question 32

Other names for C2 (3)

Answer 32

Axis, Odontoid process, DENS

Question 33

Vertebrae characterized as: Long spines body medium and heart shaped vertebral foramen small and circular

Answer 33

Typical Thoracic Vertebrae

Question 34

Vertebrae characterized as: spinous process are short, flat and triangular body large and kidney shaped vertebral foramen triangular

Answer 34

Lumbar Vertebrae

Question 35

Spinal cord in adults end at

Answer 35

L1

Question 36

Spinal cord at newborns end at

Answer 36

L3

Question 37

Spinal cord at 6 months

Answer 37

S1

Question 38

Subarachnoid space ends inferiorly in adults at

Answer 38

S2 to S3

Question 39

Collection of posterior and inferior roots that occupy the lumbar cistern are collectively known as

Answer 39

Cauda Equina

Question 40

Spinal cord held in place by what 2 structures

Answer 40

denticulate ligaments on the side; filum terminale inferiorly

Question 41

Tapered end of SC

Answer 41

Conus Medullaris

Question 42

Tract for proprioception and vibration

Answer 42

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscal tract (DCML)

Question 43

Tract for pain, touch and temperature

Answer 43

Anterolateral Spinothalamic Tract ASTT: touch LSTT: pain and temperature

Question 44

Anterior horn of gray matter: | Posterior horn of gray matter:

Answer 44

Anterior horn of gray matter: Motor | Posterior horn of gray matter: Sensory

Question 45

Ascending or Descending? Corticospinal tract

Answer 45

Descending

Question 46

Ascending or Descending? Spinothalamic tract

Answer 46

Ascending

Question 47

follows acute damage to spinal cord with temporary interruption of SC function, may last for as long as 1 to 4 weeks

Answer 47

Spinal Shock

Question 48

Test to check for Spinal shock

Answer 48

Bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) aka Osinski reflex

Question 49

Motor neuron lesion with clonus and pathologic reflexes

Answer 49

Upper motor neuron lesion

Question 50

Motor neuron lesion with atrophy and fasciculations

Answer 50

Lower motor neuron lesion

Question 51

Motor neuron lesion with flaccidity and atrophy

Answer 51

Lower motor neuron lesion

Question 52

Motor neuron lesion with spasticity

Answer 52

Upper motor neuron lesion

Question 53

SC syndrome: Motor loss more on UE than LE, variable sensory deficits

Answer 53

Central Cord syndrome

Question 54

SC syndrome: Motor and sensory deficits but with intact proprioception and vibration

Answer 54

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Question 55

SC syndrome: Ipsilateral loss of proprioception, Ipsilateral manifestation of both UMNL and LMNL, Contralateral anesthesia 2 segments below lesion

Answer 55

Brown Sequard Syndrome

Question 56

progressive cavitation around central canal; loss of pain and temperature sensations in hands and forearm

Answer 56

Syringomyelia

Question 57

pure motor disease involving degeneration of anterior horn cells and corticospinal tract, no sensory loss

Answer 57

Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis, Lou Gherig's disease

Question 58

Syndrome of contralateral loss of pain and temperature on body and ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature on face

Answer 58

Lateral Medullary syndrome, Wallenberg syndrome, posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) syndrome

Question 59

Lesion of the pons; form of alternating hemiplegia characterized by contralateral hemiplegia and ipsilateral facial paralysis.

Answer 59

Millard Gubler syndrome, Ventral Pontine Syndrome

Question 60

Midbrain syndrome with oculomotor palsy on the side of the lesion and incoordination on the opposite side

Answer 60

Claude's Syndrome

Question 61

Midbrain tegmentum lesion characterized by ipsilateral oculomotor nerve paresis and contralateral paralysis of the extremities, face, and tongue.

Answer 61

Weber's Syndrome, Superior alternating hemiplegia

Question 62

Skeletal muscles are derived from

Answer 62

paraxial mesoderm

Question 63

skeletal muscles of the pharyngeal arches

Answer 63

somitomeres

Question 64

cardiac muscles are derived from

Answer 64

visceral/splanchnic mesoderm

Question 65

smooth muscles are derived from

Answer 65

visceral/splanchnic mesoderm