Day 2 Correl

Question 1

A general term used for describing relative T and P conditions under which metamorphic rocks form

Answer 1

Metamorphic Grade

Question 2

T and P conditions under low grade metamorphism

Answer 2

T: 200-400°C
P: 1-6 Kbars

Question 3

T and P conditions under high grade metamorphism

Answer 3

T: 500-1000°C
P: 12-40 Kbars

Question 4

Arrange in increasing metamorphism: phyllite, shale, slate, gneiss, schist

Answer 4

Shale, slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss

Question 5

Minerals stable at lower T are only partially replaced by those stable at higher T

Answer 5

Prograde metamorphism

Question 6

Incomplete replacement of minerals stable at high T by those stable at low T

Answer 6

Retrograde metamorphism

Question 7

Set of rocks representing the full range of possible chemistries within a limited range of metamorphic conditions (Eskola, 1915)

Answer 7

Metamorphic facies

Question 8

What rocks do Eskola used to base his naming of the facies?

Answer 8

Metabasic basic rocks

Question 9

Facie containing the green minerals, chlorite
and actinolite, along with other minerals like plagioclase, biotite, and garnet.

Answer 9

Greenschist

Question 10

Facie containing the blue sodic amphibole, glaucophane (along with garnet and lawsonite)

Answer 10

Blueschist

Question 11

Facie containing
mostly hornblende and plagioclase

Answer 11

Amphibolite

Question 12

Facie containing the green
sodic pyroxene called omphacite and garnet

Answer 12

Eclogite

Question 13

Facies named after the textures of the rocks, with ______
being the rocks commonly found in contact metamorphic aureoles (high temperature,
low pressure environments)

Answer 13

Hornfels

Question 14

Facies named after the textures of the rocks, with ______ being coarse grained rocks with a granulitic texture and being generally free of hydrous minerals

Answer 14

Granulites

Question 15

Facies containing basic rocks containing zeolite minerals

Answer 15

Zeolite

Question 16

High T and P facie

Answer 16

Eclogite

Question 17

What is the geothermal gradient that would cause prograde metamorphism to
occur along a sequence of facies

Answer 17

10 C/km

Question 18

Where does high pressure facies series would be expected to occur? (zeolite-blueschist-eclogite)

Answer 18

Areas near subduction zones where cool lithosphere is pushed to higher
pressure

Question 19

A facie series that would produce a succession of facies from zeolite to prehnite pumpellyite to greenschist to amphibolite to granulite. Expected in areas undergoing an orogenic event.

Answer 19

Medium pressure series or Barrovian facies series

Question 20

A slightly higher geothermal gradient would produce the same succession of facies (as Barrovian), but pelitic rocks would show a change in the Al2SiO5 minerals from kyanite to andalusite to sillimanite

Answer 20

Low pressure series or
Buchan facies series

Question 21

A facie series along very high geothermal gradients, such as might be expected in the vicinity of intruding magmas

Answer 21

Contact facies series

Question 22

To distinguish between the true geothermal gradient and that deduced from the facies series, the deduced geothermal gradient is called the

Answer 22

metamorphic field gradient

Question 22

4 stages encountered by rocks as rocks are pushed deeper into the Earth as a result of tectonism

Answer 22

Burial, Heating, Uplift, Unroofing

Question 23

Defined as a pervasive planar structure that results from the nearly parallel alignment of sheet silicate minerals and/or compositional and mineralogical layering in the rock.

Answer 23

Foliation

Question 24

Preferred orientation develops when rock is acted by what stress?

Answer 24

Deviatoric stress

Question 25

Shales have _____ that is caused by the preferred orientation of clay minerals with their 001 planes orientated parallel to bedding

Answer 25

Fissility

Question 26

The irregular planar foliation caused by the preferred orientation of sheet silicates (mainly biotite and muscovite).

Answer 26

Schistosity

Question 27

What are kink bands?

Answer 27

Small scale folds in fine grained metamorphic rocks

Question 28

______ are small pods and lenses that occur in high grade metamorphic terranes that may represent melts of the surrounding metamorphic rocks.

Answer 28

Migmatites

Question 28

_____ are cataclastic metamorphic rocks that are produced along shear zones deep in the crust.

Answer 28

Mylonites

Question 28

The term greenschist and greenstone is used if the rock is?

Answer 28

foliated and not-foliated

Question 28

A calc silicate rock formed by contact metamorphism and silica metasomatism from a pluton into an adjacent carbonate rock

Answer 28

Skarn

Question 29

The most common blue amphibole

Answer 29

Glaucophane

Question 30

Changes that occur during cementation of sedimentary rocks

Answer 30

Diagenesis

Question 31

At high temperatures, metamorphism overlaps with igneous processes at conditions where melts are generated The process of partial melting of rocks is called ______.

Answer 31

Anatexis

Question 32

The melts produced by anatexis are true igneous rocks while the residue left behind after extraction of the melt, is known as

Answer 32

Restite, a metamorphic rock

Question 33

Crushing and breaking of grains in rocks

Answer 33

Cataclasis

Question 34

Reorganization of crystal lattices and inter-grain relationships through ion migration and lattice deformation

Answer 34

Recrystallization

Question 35

Process which results in the formation of new minerals which previously did not exist in the metamorphic rock

Answer 35

Neocrystallization

Question 36

Plutonic equivalent of basalt

Answer 36

Gabbro

Question 36

Total number of bravais lattice?

Answer 36

14

Question 37

Total number of crystal systems

Answer 37

6

Question 38

A sandstone with less than 15% matrix content is known as:

Answer 38

Arenite

Question 39

Coarse grained gneissose rock rich in hypersthene is called?

Answer 39

Charnockite

Question 39

Dacite is a volcanic equivalent of?

Answer 39

Granodiorite

Question 40

What is a Eutectic point?

Answer 40

Two crystallization curves joining a point where simultaneous crystallization of two mineral component takes place

Question 40

Crystal habit in which the crystals occur as hairlike or threadlike. (e.g. zeolites)

Answer 40

Filiform

Question 41

Crystal habit in which the crystals occur as needlelike. (e.g. Natrolite, Rutile)

Answer 41

Acicular

Question 41

An optical property determined in thin section by the Becke Line test.

Answer 41

Index of refraction

Question 42

Crystal habits where the surface is covered with a layer of small crystals.

Answer 42

Drusy

Question 42

A bright halo that is observed near the border of a particle immersed in a liquid of a different refractive index.

Answer 42

Becke line

Question 43

Black Jack refers to what mineral?

Answer 43

Sphalerite

Question 44

Volcanic rock made up of 70% orthoclase and 30% plagioclase.

Answer 44

Rhyolite

Question 45

Known as Brazilian Emerald?

Answer 45

Tourmaline

Question 46

Known as Verde Antique

Answer 46

Serpentine

Question 47

rock containing at least 75% blocks and bombs.

Answer 47

Pyroclastic breccia

Question 48

rock containing 25% to 75% blocks and/or bombs.

Answer 48

Tuff breccia

Question 48

A plutonic rock with 35-65% K-feldspar, 35-65% plagioclase, and quartz-poor (<5%).

Answer 48

Monzonite

Question 48

The chemical with the highest melting point.

Answer 48

Tungsten

Question 49

A volcanice rock has 15% Q (quartz) + a mixture of 41% alkali feldspar and 44% plagioclase feldspar.

Answer 49

Quartz latite

Question 49

The replacement of magnetite by hematite, usually seen in microscopic scale.

Answer 49

Martitization

Question 49

Known as pitchblende

Answer 49

Urarinite

Question 50

How many total classes of symmetry are there in all the crystal systems taken together?

Answer 50

32

Question 51

Ultramafic rock type dominated by olivine and orthopyroxene, with accessory magnetite or spinel.

Answer 51

Hazburgite

Question 52

The largest number of cleavage planes is six (dodecahedral cleavage), as exemplified by the mineral _________.

Answer 52

Sphalerite

Question 53

What are the three mineral group under nesosilicate?

Answer 53

Olivine(fayalite-forsterite) Garnert(Pyralspite-ugrandite) Aluminum silicate(andalusite-kyanite-sillimanite)