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Boards Review > Day #2 S1 > Flashcards

Day #2 S1 Flashcards

Topic: Mineral Properties, Crystallography (50 cards)

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1
Q

Crystal System of Calcite

A

Hexagonal

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2
Q

Crystal System of Andalusite

A

Orthorombic

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3
Q

Chemical Formula of Enargite

A

Cu3AsS4

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4
Q

Chemical Formula of Rutile

A

TiO2

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5
Q

Chemical Formula of Kaolinite

A

Al2Si2O5 (OH4)

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6
Q

Cleavage/Fracture type of Silver

A

Hackly

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7
Q

Mineral Habit that forms very thin thread which resemble hair

A

Capillary

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8
Q

Mineral Habit that is similar to botryoidal but the protuberances are more flattened

A

Mammillary

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9
Q

Mineral Habit that exhibits rounded grape-like or kidney shaped masses

A

Reniform

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10
Q

What has a relative hardness of 4.5

A

Steel Nail

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11
Q

Type of Luster that is conneted to fibrous aggregates of some minerals

A

Silky Luster

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12
Q

The ratio of velocity of light in air and in a medium

A

Refractive Index

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13
Q

Minerals that are too small to be observed even with a microscope

A

Cryptocrsytalline

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14
Q

A plane where motifs reflect

A

Mirror Plane

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15
Q

A symmetry operation that combines translation parallel to an axis with rotation about the axis

A

Screw Rotation

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16
Q

Enumerate the Carbon Polymorphs and its crystal system

A

Diamond - Isometric, Graphite - Hexagonal

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17
Q

What are the PbS polymorphs

A

Wurtzite, Sphalerite

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18
Q

Enumerate the Chemical formula of Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Covelite, Cuprite, Bornite

A

Chalcocite- Cu2S, Chalcopyrite, CeFeS2, Covelite - CuS, Cuprite - Cu2O, Bornite - Cu5FeS4

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19
Q

Diagnostic Property of Gold

A

Gold is distinguished from the yellow suflides (pyrite and chalcopyrite), and from yellow flakes of altered micas by its SECTILITY an HIGH sp.g

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20
Q

Define Synthetic Mineral

A

Same composition of a Mineral but created unaturally through laboratory methods

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21
Q

Define Amorphous

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A

Mineral-like materials that lack an orderly crystalline structure

22
Q

What is the Knoop Hardness Scale?

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A

Absolute Hardness Scale, Related to the ratio between the force and time to the size of the indentation to the mineral

23
Q

Differentiate Thermoluminiscence and Triboluminescence

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A

Thermoluminiscence- emit visible light when heated, Triboluminescence- emit visible light when rubbed or struck with hammer

24
Q

How does labradorescence occur

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A

Due to internal structures that selectively reflect only certain colors

25
What is Uneven Fracture
Surface is entirely interrupted by small and large angular protuberances
26
Differentiate Isotropic and Anisotropic Minerals
Isotropic Minerals - Isometric CS, light moves through them with equal velocity in all directions. Anisotropic- Varying velocities, More than one refractive index
27
What is Double Refraction
This is due to light passing through the mineral having two polarized rays vibrating at right angles from each other
28
Enumerate the 3 Cyrstal Forms
Euhedral - well-developed faces, Subhedral - imperfectly developed faces, Anhedral- no developed faces
29
Differentiate Motif and Node
Motif - Smallest unit of a pattern that can be repeated by a set of symmetry operations. Node - Point used to represent Motif
30
Enumerate the simple symmetry operations
Translation, Rotation, Reflection, Inversion
31
What is the octet rule?
Atoms tendd to gain, lost, or share electrons until surrounded by eight electrons in their outermost shell
32
Define Electronegativity
Strength a nucleus has to attract electrons into its outermost shell.
33
Differentiate Homogenous and Heterogenous Nucleation
Homogenous - Progressively grow by adding atoms/ions to its surface. Heterogenous - Nucleates by taking advantage of the structure of an existing mineral
34
Describe Metallic Bond
Valence Electrons are shared between atoms are free to move from one atom to another, accounting for a high electrical conductivity
35
Differentiate Open and closed crystal forms
CCF- Cmpletely encloses a mineral specimen and exist alone in perfectly formed euhedral crystals. OCF- Does not completely encloses a mineral specimen and occurs in combination with other CF.
36
Discuss Pseudomorph, Polymorph, and Isomorph
Pseudomorph- Take form of a pre-existing mineral or other substances (goethite after Pyrite), Polymorph- Same composition but different crystal systems (Calcite and Aragnonite), Isomorph - Same Crystal structure(Halite and Galena)
37
Solid Solution series of plag flds
Picture
38
What is the criteria to be considered a mineral? Discuss
Picture
39
Illustrate the Mohs Scale of Hardness
Picture
40
Discuss the 5 Types of Magnetism
Ferromagnetic - Strongly attrected to magnets, Ferrimagnetic - end to create its own magnetic field, Paramagnetic - Slightly attracted to magnets (has completely random orientation of magnetic ions) ,Diamagnetic - Non-magnetic due to the absence of magnetic ions,Antiferromagnetism - Similar to ferromagnetic but have net magnetic moment equal to zero
41
Discuss the Different Types of Cleavages
Picture
42
Discuss the different types of Tenacity
Malleable - deformed through compressive stress (Sheets), Ductile - Tensile Stress (Wire), Sectile - Smoothly cut with a knife, Brittle - break into uneven Fragments upon applying stress, Elastic - Bent out of shape in any direction, Flexible - Like elastic but returns to original shape upon removal of stress
43
Discuss the Lattice Parameters of the 6 Crystal system
Picture
44
Discuss the Lattice Angles of the 6 Crystal system
Picture
45
Illustrate the major types of rotational symmetry
Picture
46
Illustrate the Principal Types of Unit Meshes
Picture
47
Discuss the Different Types of Chemical Bonds
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48
Illustrate the Electron Cloud Model
Picture
49
Illustrate the Electron Dot Diagram of H to Ne
Picture
50
Illustrate the common open forms: Pedion, Pinacoid, Pyramid, Dome, Sphenoid
Picture

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