Day 3

Question 1

Define Stack:

Answer 1

memory used by non-static local variables explicitly declared in a program

Question 2

Define Freespace:

Answer 2

Memory set aside for stack, heap, and other uses

Question 3

Define Heap:

Answer 3

• Dynamically allocated memory that is uninitialized at first.
• Slower than slack

Question 4

Define BSS:

Answer 4

• Holds global and static variables that are uninitialized or initialized to 0.
• Exist throughout life of program

Question 5

Define Data:

Answer 5

• Holds global and static variables initialized to a non-zero value.
• Exist throughout life of program

Question 6

Define Text (memory layout):

Answer 6

• Stores compiled code of the currently running program.

Question 7

Rules of Identifiers:

Answer 7

• Can only contain letters, numbers, and underscores (_)

* Cannot start with a number or be a syntactically reserved keyword of language

Question 8

Variable initialization

Answer 8

= ;

Question 9

What is an assignment operator?

Answer 9

Assigns a value to a variable.
Stream insertion variable vs. stream extraction operator?
Insertion = &laquo_space;(cout) and extraction =&raquo_space; (cin)

Question 10

Programs 4 structural components

Answer 10

1. Declarations – provides storage for the data a program is working with.
2. Input – Allows acquisition of data from a source. Without it, program would only work with one set of data
3. Processing- Process of manipulating the data in some manner to arrive at a result.
4. Output- proves the processed data to a final destination, which could be a monitor, file on hard drive, or a network resource such as web page.

Question 11

Define: Expressions

Answer 11

Combination of operators and values.

Question 12

Define: Statements

Answer 12

Very common to see (;) following a statement.

Question 13

Define: Code Blocks

Answer 13

Useful when statements require regrouping. Enclosed in {} curly braces

Question 14

Explain: Comments

Answer 14

Single line comment // - compiler ignores everything after the comment until end of the line.
Multiple Line Comment /* */ - compiler ignores everything between opening and closing

Question 15

What two terms are associated with Strings?

Answer 15

Index- the position in a string []. First index would be 0.
Element- an association to a position in string using a human recognized format. First element in array would be 1.
String is a special container object that can hold multiple characters.

Question 16

What is a getline()?

Answer 16

Reads all data (including whitespace) up to the newline.

When you see this anywhere THINK INPUT (IN!!!!!!)

Question 17

What is ws()?

Answer 17

Removes leading whitespace from the specified input stream. Placed prior to getline. When using getline and cin

Question 18

What is Concatenation?

Answer 18

Process of joining two or more strings together.

Question 19

What are the different methods of strings?

Answer 19

1. Size() – determines how many bytes make up a string
2. At() – return character in string using index number
3. Find() – find first occurrence of sub-string in called string
4. Compare() – compare string object to string passed as argument
5. Empty() – test if string is empty. Returns true if empty, false if not

Question 20

What are the different escape characters?

Answer 20

1. \n – newline
2. \t – tab character
3. \0 – null character
4. \” – double quote character
5. \ - single backslash character

Question 21

What are raw string literals?

Answer 21

Make each character in the string literal, meaning escape characters are not processed