Day 3

Question 0

What is budd chiari malformation?

Answer 0

Syndrome causes by occlusion of the hepatic veins that drain the liver.

Presentation is the triad of ABDO pain, hepatomegaly and ascites

Question 1

What is an Arnold chiari malformation?

Answer 1

The downward displacement of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum.

Question 2

What is an epidural abcess? What are the types?

Answer 2

Spinal epidural abscess

• spread via blood
• local structures
• direct inoculation from epidural anaesthesia
• fever, spinal pain and neurological symptoms
• Ix MRI

Intracranial epidural abscess

Question 3

Contraindications to metformin?

Answer 3

Metformin decreases lactate absorption by the liver.

Therefore anything that increased lactate production is a contraindication.

Alcoholism, heart failure, respiratory disease.

Also renal impairment due to reduced excretion of lactate.

Question 4

What are types of apraxia?

Answer 4

Ideomotor - inability to plan or complete motor actions that rely on semantic (meaning) memory

Conceptual - inability to imagine how to do tasks and to complete multistep tasks

Constructional - inability to draw or construct simple configurations

Speech apraxia - difficulty planing and coordinating the movements for speech

Question 5

Drugs that cause water and Na retention and can therefore worsen heart failure?

Answer 5

Ca channel blockers 
NSAIDs 
OCP
SALTY DIET
Mineralcorticoids