Day 31 (Intervertebral foramen: regional characteristics, sources of nerve compression, Curvatures of the column, normal curvatures) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the relationship between intervertebral disc herniation and lumbar spinal nerves?

A

the intervertebral disc above the intervertebral foramen is usually the source of damage

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2
Q

What is unusual about the sacral interveretbral foramen compared to other intervertebral foramina?

A

a completely osseous boundary exits

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3
Q

What is more likely the cause of nerve irritation at the sacral intervertebral foramen?

A

the tilt or position of the entire sacrum relative to the pelvis

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4
Q

What is the relationship of lumbar nerve root size to intervertebral foramen size above L4?

A

the nerve root size will account for less than 22% of the available size

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5
Q

What is unique about the relationship of spinal nerve to intervertebral foramen at S5-Co1?

A

there are two nerves present, S5 nerve & Co1 nerve

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6
Q

What are some examples of destructive lesions of the vertebral body?

A

tuberculosis, hemangiomas, osteoporosis

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7
Q

What may reduce the impact of intervertebral disc loss of integrity on the intervertebral foramen in the cervical and thoracic spine?

A

the joint of Luschka in the cervicals, the costocentral joint in the thoracics

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8
Q

What are examples of osteophyte formation that influence the intervertebral foramen?

A

the bony spurs of the vertebral body and para-articular processes on the lamina

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9
Q

What are examples of acquired alterations of the spinal curves identified in class?

A

obesity, pregnancy, and the use of heavy backpacks

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10
Q

What is the recommended weight of a backpack compared to individual weight for the developing spine?

A

backpack weight should not exceed 10% individual body weight

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11
Q

What embryonic event causes the direction of the posterior curve of the vertebral column?

A

the embryonic disc will undergo flexion in a cranial to caudal direction

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12
Q

Why is the posterior curve also called the primary curve?

A

it is the first curve to appear embryologically

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13
Q

What are the adult remnants of the primary curve along the vertebral column?

A

the thoracic or dorsal curve and the pelvic or sacrococcygeal curve

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14
Q

What are the names given to curves which form during development to reverse the direction of regions along the vertebral column?

A

anterior curve, secondary curve, compensatory curve

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15
Q

What are the names of the anterior curves, secondary curves, and compensatory curves?

A

cervical curve and lumbar curve

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16
Q

What segmental levels form the cervical curve?

A

C2-T1

17
Q

What segmental levels form the lumbar curve?

A

T12 to L5

18
Q

What is the earliest time of appearance of the cervical curve?

A

the third fetal month

19
Q

What is the traditional time of appearance of the cervical curve said to be?

A

during the last trimester in utero

20
Q

What is the time during which the “adult” cervical curve is said to appear?

A

within the first year after birth

21
Q

What developmental events are indicative in the formation of the adult cervical curve?

A
  1. centers for vision and equilibrium will appear in the brain
  2. musculature attaching the skull, cervical region, and upper thorax together develops
  3. the head is held upright
  4. the intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior