Day before exam review (themes brushing over all subjects) Flashcards
(35 cards)
1
Q
Style of Life
A
Adler
2
Q
Archetypes
A
Jung
3
Q
Success identity and Failure Identity
A
Reality Therapy (Glasser)
4
Q
Double Bind Communication
A
Conflicting Negative Injunctions
Associated with Schizophrenia
5
Q
Symmetrical and Complementary Communications
A
Communication/Interaction Family Therapy
(Mental Research Institute)
6
Q
Differentiation
Emotional Triangle
Family Projection Process (Transmission process)
A
Bowen
Extended Family System
7
Q
Boundaries
Rigid Triads
Joining
A
Minuchin
Structural Family Therapy
8
Q
Paradoxical Intervention
(Ordeals, Restraining, Positioning, Reframing, Perscribing the Sx)
A
Jay Haley
Strategic Family Therapy
9
Q
Hypothesizing
Neutrality
Paradox
Circular Questions
A
Milan Systemic Family Therapy
10
Q
White’s and minorities typically hold what type of world view?
A
Whites: Internal Locus of Control and Internal Locus of Responsibility (IC-IR)
Minority Groups: Internal Locus of Control and External Locus of Responsibility (IC-ER)
11
Q
Atkinson, Morten and Sue’s Black/Cultural Identity Development Model
A
- Conformity: Pos attitutudes towards dom, depricating attitudes to one’s own (Yes WT)
- Dissonance: Confusion/Conflict (No WT)
- Resistance/Immersion: Actively reject whites, (No WT)
- Introspection: Questioning rigid beliefs from R/I stage (No WT)
- Integrative Awareness: Multicultrual perspective, end oppression (Same worldview T)
12
Q
Cross’ Black Racial (Nigrescence) Identity Development Model
A
- Pre-Encounter: Race & identity = low salience (Yes WT)
- Encounter: Exposure to race event (No WT)
- Immersion-Emmersion: race & identity = HIGH salience, idealizing black culture
- Internalization: Continues to have high salience, actively work to irradicate racism
13
Q
Helm’s White Racial Identity Development Model
A
- Contact Status: Little awareness (Oblivious/Denial)
- Disintegration Status: Increased awareness = confusion, over identifying (suppression of info/ambivalence)
- Reintegration Status: Idealizing white’s, blame minority (Selective perception/ neg. out-group bias)
- Pseudo-Independence Status: Question racist views, intellectually understands (sel. perception/reshaping)
- Immersion-Emmersion: Confronts own biases (hypervigilance/reshaping)
- Autonomy Status: Internalizes non-racist views (Flexibility/Complexity)
14
Q
Diagnostic Criteria for Intellectual Disability
A
- Deficits in Intellectual Functioning
- Deficits in Adaptive Functioning
- Onset during developmental period
15
Q
Diagnostic Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder
A
- Deficits in Social communication and interactions (over multiple contexts)
- Restricted, repetitive patterns of behvaiours, interests or activities
- Sx during early developmental period
- Impairment in social, occupational or other areas
Best outcome associated with: ability to verbally communicate by age 5/6, IQ over 70, later onset of Sx
16
Q
Diagnostic Criteria for ADHD & important study on treatment
A
- 6 Sx for 6 months +, with onset prior to age 12, present in 2 settings
- Prevalence rate: 5% for children, 2.5% for adults, more prevalent in males (2:1)
-
Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA)
- Initial: Medication alone or combined Behavioural Meds was superior
- 3 & 8 yr Follow up: Meds Alone, Combined, Behavioural alone and community care were equal in terms of effects
-
Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA)
17
Q
Diagnostic Criteria for Tourette’s Disorder
A
- 1+ vocal tic and multiple motor tics, persisting for 1 year, prior to age 18
- Due to elevated levels of dopamine in the caudate nucleus
*Highly associated with Obsessions and Compulsions with OCD
18
Q
Diagnostic Criteria for Delusional Disorder
A
- 1+ delusion that lasts at least one month
- Psychosocial functioning NOT impaired, any impairment directly related to delusion
- Erotomanic, Grandiose, Jealous, Persecusatory, Somatic, Mixed, Unspecified
19
Q
Diagnositc Criteria, Prevalence Rates, Etiology for Schizophrenia
A
- 2+ Active Phase Sx for at least one month (w/ one Sx being delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech)
- Must have continuous signs of the disorder for 6 months & cause SIG. impairment
- MOOD Sx BRIEF and do NOT occur during active phase Sx
- Substance/Tobbaco disorder most commonly associated
-
Lifetime prevalence: 0.3-0.7% slightly lower for females
- Best prognosis: good premorbid adjustment, acute/late onset, female gender, presence of percipitating events, brief duration of active phase Sx, insight into illness, fam Hx of mood disorder, no fam Hx of Schizophrenia
-
Etiology:
- Bio sibs: 10%, Fraternal Twins: 17%, Identical Twins: 48%, 2 parents witht Schizophrenia: 46%
- Brain Structures: Enlarged 3rd ventricles, Smaller-than-normal hippocampus, amygdala and globus pallidus
20
Q
Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder
A
- Identical to schizophrenia, EXCEPT, duration is present for at least one month but less than six months
- 2/3 eventually meet criteria for schizophrenia
21
Q
Diagnostic Criteria for Brief Psychotic Disorder
A
- 1 + Sx (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized/catatonic beh)
- W/ at least one Sx being delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech
- Sx present for 1 day - 1 month
- Onset typically after a stressor and goes back to baseline by 1 month
22
Q
Diagnostic Criteria for Schizoaffective Disorder
A
- Uninterrupted period of Depressive and Schizophrenic Sx, with a period of 2 weeks without prominent mood Sx
23
Q
Diagnostic Criteria for Bipolar I
A
- 1+ Manic Episode, for at least 1 week, present most days ad has 3 Sx:
- Inflated Self-Esteem/Grandiosity
- Decreased need for sleep
- Excessive Talkativeness
- Flight of Ideas
- Requires hospitalization
- Can include 1+ episodes of hypomania or depression
- Prevalence: 0.6%, ~ same ratio for boys and girls
- Etiology:.67-1.0 for identical twins, .2 for fraternal twins
24
Q
Diagnostic Criteria for Bipolar II
A
- 1+ hypomanic episode that lasts 4+ conseuctive days AND 1+ major depressive episode that lasts at least 2 weeks with 5 characteristic Sx
- Not severe enough to cause marked impairment of hospitalization
25
Diagnostic Criteria for **Cyclothymic Disorder**
* Numerous periods with hypomaic Sx that don't meet criteria for a hypomanic episode
* Numerous periods of depressive Sx that do not meet criteria for MDD
* Sx lasts at least 2 years in adults, 1 year in children
* Never being Sx free for longer than 2 months at a time
26
Diagnostic Criteria for **Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)** & the two specifers
* 5 Sx, nearly everyday for at least 2 weeks w/ one at least being depressed mood or loss in interest/pleasure
* Reduced Stange 3/4 sleep, earler REM onset, increased duration of REM sleep
* 1.5-3x more likely for females starting in adolescense
* **Specifier: Peripartum Onset**
* ****Sx during pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum
* **Specifier: Seasonal Pattern**
* ****Temperal relationship between mood and a particular time of year
27
Diagnostic Criteria for **Persistent Depressive Disorder**
* Depressed mood for most days for 2 years in adults and 1 year in children
* 2 Sx needed
* Not being Sx free for more than 2 months
28
Diagnostic criteria for **Separation Anxiety Disorder**
* Developmentally Inapporpriate Fear/Anxiety frome home or attachment figures
* 3 Sx
* Last at least 4 weeks (children) or 6 months in adults
29
Specific Diagnostic Criteria for **Specific Phobia**
* Intense fear/anxiety about a specific object/situation
* Typically lasting 6 months
30
Diagnostic Criteria for **Oppositional Defiant Disorder**
* Recurrent pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviour, vindictiveness
* **4 Characteristic Sx** directed at a NON-sibling person for **6 months**:
* loses temper, argues with authority, actively refuses requests/rules, blames others for their mistakes
31
Diagnostic Criteria for **Conduct Disorder**
* Persistent pattern of behaviour that violates the basic rights of others and/or age-appropriate social norms
* **3 Sx within the past 6 months:**
* aggression to people and animals
* destruction of property
* deceitfulness or theft
* serious violations of rules
* _CANNOT_ assign disorder to people over **18 years of age** who meet criteria for APD
* More common in men
32
Diagnostic Criteria for **Substance Use Disorder**
* 2 Sx during a 12-month period, categorized by four groups:
* Impaired Control
* Social Impairment
* Risky Use
* Pharmacological Criteria (tolerance/withdrawal)
33
Define the Diagnostic Criteria for the **Cluster A Personality Disorders** (Odd/Eccentric Behaviour)
* **Paranoid Personality Disorder**
* ****Distrust, viewing others motives as malevolent
* **Schizoid Personality Disorder**
* ****detachment from social rel, restricted range of emotions in social settings, lacks friends, little interest in making friends
* **Schizoptypal Personality Disorder**
* ****social deficits, acute discomfort, reduced capacity for rel, desire close personal contact but has few friends.
34
Define the Diagnostic Criteria for the **Cluster B Personality Disorders** (Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic Behaviour)
* **Antisocial Personality Disorder**
* ****pattern of violation and the disregard for the needs of others since **age 15**
* Must be at least 18 years old, and have a history of conduct disorder prior to age 15
* Chronic, but becomes less severe in the 4th decade of life
* **Borderline Personality Disorder**
* ****instability in relationships, self-image, and affect; impulsivity
* 5 Sx.
* Onset highest between 19-34 yrs old (by 40+, 75% no longer meet diagnostic criteria)
* **Histrionic Personality Disorder******
* ****Pattern of emotionality and attention-seeking
* **Narcissistic Personality Disorder**
* ****pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy
35
Describe the diagnostic criteria for **Cluster C Personality Disorders** (Anxiety/Fearfulness)
* **Avoidant Personality Disorder**
* ****Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to crtitcism
* **Dependent Personality Disorder******
* Excessive need to be taken care of
* **Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder**
* ****Orderliness, perfectionism, mental/interpersonal control
* NO obsessions or compulsions, may engage in some ritualistic behaviours
