Day One Zoonoses

Question 1

What are the three key areas of One health regarding CAs

Answer 1

The human-companion animal bond
Comparative and translational medicine
Zoonotic infectious dx

Question 2

What positives of Huma-animal bond

Answer 2

• For the animals: five freedoms, welfare
• For the humans: companionship, socialization, stress reduction, inc physical activity, improved mental and physiological health, child mental health and loneliness

Question 3

What negatives of the human-animal bond?

Answer 3

• For the animal: feeding practices, bhvr, breeding and welfare problems (brachy), anthropomorphism, zooanthroponoses
• For the humans: bites, scratches, zoonoses, falls, allergic reactions, exotic pets,, travel with dogs

Question 4

T/F 90% of new or emerging diseases around the world are zoonotic ?

Answer 4

FALSE -> 75%

Question 5

Describe E.Coli zoonoses

Answer 5

• E Coli 0157 produces shiva toxin
• Watery or bloody diarrhea
• Mild or severe
• Younger children may have more severe dx with renal failure
• Spread from cows, goats & sheep petting zoos
• Or undercooked ground beef or raw milk

Question 6

Describe Cat Scratch Disease

Answer 6

• Infected cat bores, scratches or lick open wounds
• 3-14 days after broken skin or mild infection at site of scratch
• Red lesions with pus
• Fever and non-specific symptoms
• Later the LN near scratch become swollen or painful
• Caused by BARTONELLA HENSELAE

Question 7

Describe Cutaenous LArva Migrans

Answer 7

Travelers returning from beaches in Caribbean, Mexico, Brazil, SE Asia
- Itchy raised tracks
- Animal hookworm larvae failed to penetrate dermis and wander in epidermis
- Ancylostoma caninum (dog)
- Ancylostoma braziliense (cat)

Question 8

Describe Bacillary Angiomatosis

Answer 8

Disseminated form in immunocompromised patients eg HIV 1 or organ transplants
- Papuans and nodules, lots of purple-ish lesions
- Difficulty diagnosing as serology not reliable
- History - Warthrin Starry silver strain positive
Reservoir cats (/flea bites)

Question 9

Describe Fish Tank granuloma

Answer 9

• Weeks to months to develop
• Slowly developing cutaneous granule as in humans
• Caused by mycobacterium Marinum
• Hands and fingers of aquarium owners
• Diagnosis - history and PCR
• Tx: ABs and surgery if tendon/ joints affected

Question 10

Describe Erysipeloid

Answer 10

• Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae bacterial found in fish, mammals and shellfish
• tuners through breaks in skin
• 2-7 days red infected skin, blisters and swollen LN
• Can cause endocarditis
  TX: penicillin

Question 11

Erythema migrants ?

Answer 11

SIGN (target/ bullet sign) of Lyme disease (but only 70% of people will get this! 30% get no rash only flu-like symptoms

Question 12

Lyme disease?

Answer 12

• Caused by Borriela burgdorferi
• Transmitted to humans by the bite of ticks
• Symptoms include fever, headache, typical rash
• If untreated can spread to joints, heart and nervous system
• Diagnosed base don rash and exposure

Question 13

Describe ORF (Pox virus)

Answer 13

• ORF virus can infect top layers of skin
• 1 to a few lesions on the fingers, hands or forearms
• Size 2-3 cm
• Start as applies and progress to be ulcers
• Can have mild fever

Question 14

Transmission of Pox virus?

Answer 14

• Occurs when broken skin in contact with infected animals or contaminated equipment
• Not transmitted between people
• Not tx available

Question 15

Describe Salmonella

Answer 15

• D+ and abdo cramps
• The young and old may be more severely affected
• Reptiles and amphibians contaminate the water

Question 16

Describe Giardia

Answer 16

• PArasite causing D+
• Found in soil, food or water that has been contaminated with farces from infected people or animals
• Dog and cat stool can contain giardia
• symptoms - D+ gas, bloating, N and V
• Giardia can survive for months in cold water and soil

Question 17

Describe Brucella

Answer 17

• Infected eating or drinking unpasteurized/ raw dairy products
• Can also be inhaled or enters wounds in skin and MMs
• Lab workers, slaughterhouse, meat packin, vets
• Hunters

Question 18

Is person to person spread common in brucella?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

Symptoms of Brucella?

Answer 19

5 days to 5 months after exposure
- Fever, malaise, headaches, myalgia, fatigue
- Recurrent fever, arthritis
- Endocarditis
- Neurological symptoms
- Hepatitis

Question 20

Dx & Tx of brucellosis ?

Answer 20

Dx: blood cultures and serology
X: doxycycline and Rifampcin 6-8 weeks

Question 21

Risk factors for Brucella?

Answer 21

Question 22

Status of Brucella can is in UK?

Answer 22

• Not endemic in UK
• Inc in numbers tho with import of dogs from Eastern Europe
• Human cases rare

Question 23

Describe Seoul virus?

Answer 23

• Hantavirus carried by Norway rats
• Exposure to urine , droppings, saliva, bites, aerosol
• Virus established in wild rodents

Question 24

What signs & dx with Seoul virus?

Answer 24

• Present with fever, renal impairment, thrombocytopenia and hepatitis (similar to lepto)
• Diagnosis - serology and PCR

Question 25

Describe Psittacosis

Answer 25

- Chlamydia psittacosaurus - bacteria that often infects birds - Can cause mild illness or pneumonia in humans - Inhaled from dust containing dried droppings or rest secretiosn from birds - Less commonly birds infect through bits and beak to mouth contact

Question 26

Dx & Tx of Psittacosis?

Answer 26

Dx: serology, culture, PCR To: Macrolides

Question 27

Describe Anthrax

Answer 27

- rare but serious dx - Caused by bacillus anthracis - Occurs naturally in soil and commonly affects domestic and wild animals around the world

Question 28

Risk factors to anthrax?

Answer 28

Contact with infected animals or contaminating animal products, anthrax can cause severe illness in both humans and animals

Question 29

What diff types of Anthrax?

Answer 29

-> Cutaenous - most common and least severe - handling hides -> Inhalation - Most severe and fatal without treatment - > GI - eating raw or undercooked meat from an animal infected with anthrax

Question 30

Describe Bat-Borne viruses and spillover

Answer 30

- Natural reservoir for emerging viruses - Ebola virus, SARS Cov and MERS Cov - Rabies virus infects CNS and is universally fatal - Only found in Daubenton’s batpopulation in the UK - Bats worldwide Barbour a larger n° of viruses than other species - ‘Spillovers’ from asymptomatic bats to people