DC4H HH Flashcards
(499 cards)
1
Q
1. The darkest bay is the mahogany bay. - HH 4
A
TRUE
2
Q
- A snip is a few white hairs in the center of the forehead. - HH 4
A
FALSE
3
Q
- True palominos have no dark hair. - HH 5
A
TRUE
4
Q
- Whether a horse is light roan or dark roan depends on the proportions of white hairs in comparison to the colored. - HH 5
A
TRUE
5
Q
- The two specific coat patterns of paints are tovero and overo. - HH 5
A
FALSE
6
Q
- Patched means darker spots are embossed on the coat. - HH 6
A
FALSE
7
Q
- Ratty indicates lack of uniformity in color. - HH 6
A
TRUE
8
Q
- Smokey implies darker patches, dull finish, or dark overcast. - HH 6
A
FALSE
9
Q
- A blaze often includes the eyes and nostrils. - HH 7
A
FALSE
10
Q
- Flaxen describes a mane or tail which is white with a few black hairs giving it a silver cast. - HH 7
A
FALSE
11
Q
- Low, flat withers hold a saddle well. - HH 10
A
FALSE
12
Q
- A broad forehead, with great width between the eyes is desired. - HH 10
A
TRUE
13
Q
- A deep heart girth and well-sprung foreribs give room for good respiratory and digestive capacity. - HH 10
A
TRUE
14
Q
- The hind legs are muscled both inside and out, with the gaskin tied in high into the hock joint. - HH 11
A
FALSE
15
Q
- From the rear view, the hocks should point straight back or turn in very slightly. - HH 11
A
TRUE
16
Q
- Too little angle at the hock is called “sickle-hocked.” - HH 11
A
FALSE
17
Q
- The hoof should have the same angle as the pastern. - HH 11
A
TRUE
18
Q
- A slick fat horse might appear smooth and glossy, and still be of low quality. - HH 11
A
TRUE
19
Q
- Quality is indicated by cleanness of the bone and head, general body smoothness, and stylishness. - HH 11
A
TRUE
20
Q
- The bones of the legs should be flat, clean, and free from fleshiness and puffiness. - HH 11
A
TRUE
21
Q
- The horse’s bottom-line is much longer than the top-line. - HH 9
A
TRUE
22
Q
- A high-arched neck is desirable. - HH 10
A
FALSE
23
Q
- Each of the light horse breeds requires slightly different characteristics about the head. - HH 10
A
TRUE
24
Q
- Tendons below the knees and hocks appear sharply separated from the cannons, giving the leg a flat appearance. - HH 11
A
TRUE
25
25. Geldings show excessive masculinity. - HH 12
FALSE
26
26. Vertical line from point of shoulder should fall in the center of the knee, cannon, pastern, and foot. - HH 12
TRUE
27
27. The usefulness of all horses depends on their ability to move well. - HH 12
TRUE
28
28. Excess lateral movement of the feet increases efficiency. - HH 12
TRUE
29
29. All breeds should have an elastic stride. - HH 12
TRUE
30
30. A horse that stands crooked usually moves crooked. - HH 12
TRUE
31
31. A horse that toes in on the front feet will usually dish or wing in. - HH 12
FALSE
32
32. A pigeon-toed horse will usually paddle or wing out. - HH 12
TRUE
33
33. Lateral movement of the hocks is undesirable. - HH 12
TRUE
34
34. The horse should move with snap and determination, as if it knows where it is going and is sure to get there. - HH 12
TRUE
35
35. Certain unsoundnesses have a tendency to be inherited, and these are more serious than those which are acquired by accident. - HH 13
TRUE
36
36. Inherited unsoundnesses make a horse desirable for breeding. - HH 13
FALSE
37
37. A more massive jaw is more desirable than a small jaw. - HH 16
TRUE
38
38. Low flat withers are more desirable than prominent withers. - HH 16
FALSE
39
39. A wider stifle is more desirable than a narrow stifle. - HH 16
TRUE
40
40. A short underline is more desirable than a longer underline. - HH 16
FALSE
41
41. Round cannons are more desirable than flatter cannons. - HH 16
FALSE
42
42. A deeper-chest is more desirable than a shallow-chest. - HH 16
TRUE
43
43. A narrow-chest is more desirable than a broad-chest. - HH 16
FALSE
44
44. A long cannon is more desirable than a short cannon. - HH 16
FALSE
45
45. A shorter back is more desirable than a long back. - HH 16
TRUE
46
46. Short, bunchy forearm muscling is more desirable than long tapering forearm muscling. - HH 16
FALSE
47
47. A long ear is more desirable than a short ear. - HH 16
FALSE
48
48. A short coupling is more desirable than a long coupling. - HH 16
TRUE
49
49. When giving reasons, you will lose points for incorrect statements. - HH 15
TRUE
50
50. When giving reasons, be sure to use correct grammar. - HH 16
TRUE
51
51. When giving reasons, you should emphasize the important comparisons. - HH 16
TRUE
52
52. Incorrect terms greatly detract from the value of your reasons. - HH 16
TRUE
53
53. When giving reasons, you should leave out small things that leave room for doubt. - HH 16
TRUE
54
54. A high gaited horse folds its knees, with the forearm nearly horizontal momentarily, flexes the hock noticeably, and lifts the feet high from the ground. - HH 17
TRUE
55
55. A fox trot is a fast, two beat gait with the front and hind legs on the same side moving simultaneously. - HH 17
FALSE
56
56. A side-wheeler is a pacer that rolls the body sideways as he paces. - HH 18
TRUE
57
57. When cantering in the show ring, the lead should be toward the inside of the ring. - HH 18
TRUE
58
58. The rider's body should be in rhythm and balance with the action of the horse, helping the horse move easily. - HH 20
TRUE
59
59. The art of riding horseback is equitation. - HH 20
TRUE
60
60. The off side of the horse and the far side of the horse are the same side. - HH 20
TRUE
61
61. When mounting, you should pull yourself up. - HH 20
FALSE
62
62. The reins should be held just above and in front of the saddle. - HH 20
TRUE
63
63. The neck rein is also called the bearing rein. - HH 20
TRUE
64
64. A horse length is eight feet. - HH 20
TRUE
65
65. When riding, you should keep your hands and arms relaxed and supple, elbows close to your body. - HH 20
TRUE
66
66. Loud talk makes a horse nervous. - HH 21
TRUE
67
67. If you get out of balance, you will stiffen your body and lose the rhythm of motion with your horse. - HH 21
TRUE
68
68. Your hands control the horse's hindquarter through the reins, bit and horse's mouth. - HH 21
FALSE
69
69. The horse will shift its body to attempt to balance your weight. - HH 21
TRUE
70
70. Legs are used to signal speed and movements of the horse's hindquarters. - HH 21
TRUE
71
71. At the trot, the body is inclined forward slightly more than at a walk. - HH 21
TRUE
72
72. When posting, the rider goes up from the saddle as the outside shoulder of the horse comes up. - HH 22
TRUE
73
73. Signal for a stop when the horse's rear legs are moving forward under its body. - HH 22
TRUE
74
74. When signaling for a stop, throw your body back, shove your feet forward and pull on the reins. - HH 22
FALSE
75
75. At the lope, keep your legs in contact with the saddle and horse. - HH 22
TRUE
76
76. To side pass, rein the direction you wish to move the forequarters and use your outside leg to move the hindquarters. - HH 23
TRUE
77
77. Equitation requires practice and patience. - HH 23
TRUE
78
78. When mounting, the left hand holding the reins should be placed on the horse's neck in front of the withers. HH 23
TRUE
79
79. The end of split reins should remain on the same side as the reining hand at all times. - HH 23
TRUE
80
80. When using a romel, no finger between reins is allowed. - HH 24
TRUE
81
81. Only one hand is to be used for reining and hands shall not be changed. - HH 24
TRUE
82
82. The rider should sit in the saddle with the knees slightly bent so that the shoulder, hip and heel form a straight line. - HH 24
TRUE
83
83. The stirrup should be just short enough to allow the heels to be higher than the toes. - HH 24
FALSE
84
84. Mechanical hackamore, tie-downs, running martingales and draw reins are prohibited. - HH 24
TRUE
85
85. Riders may be asked to change horses. - HH 25
FALSE
86
86. In hunt seat equitation, the bight of the reins may fall on either side; however, all reins should be picked up at the same time. - HH 25
TRUE
87
87. Riders are to be judged on personal attire rather than ability. - HH 25
FALSE
88
88. In hunter seat equitation, the order to reverse may be executed by turning toward or away from the rail. -HH 25
TRUE
89
89. In saddle seat equitation, the bight of the reins should be on the off side. - HH 26
TRUE
90
90. In saddle seat equitation, the riding whip is always carried in the rider's outside hand. - HH 26
FALSE
91
91. If using a full bridle, the snaffle rein is to be narrower in width than the curb rein. - HH 26
FALSE
92
92. The bridle serves as a means of communication between the horse and rider or driver. - HH 27
TRUE
93
93. On the bosal, the rawhide is braided to create a thicker portion over the nose and thinner underneath the jaw. - HH 28
TRUE
94
94. The stiffer the bosal, the more severe its action. - HH 28
TRUE
95
95. Bits are used for communication and control through different pressure points. - HH 29
TRUE
96
96. Not all pressure points affected by bit action are in the mouth. - HH 29
TRUE
97
97. The snaffle can encourage the horse to raise its head. - HH 29
TRUE
98
98. The roof of the mouth is affected by very few bits. - HH 30
TRUE
99
99. When the horse's nose is up, only the bars are affected by a snaffle. - HH 30
FALSE
100
100. Slick is a term used to describe the shape of the cantle on a western saddle. - HH 29
FALSE
101
101. The thicker the diameter of the snaffle, the more discomfort it may cause. - HH 30
FALSE
102
102. The mullen mouth emphasizes pressure on the bars. - HH 30
FALSE
103
103. The longer the shank, the less leverage the rider has. - HH 30
FALSE
104
104. The curb bit is most effective when the horse flexes at the poll. - HH 30
TRUE
105
105. A high port is not necessarily more severe. - HH 30
TRUE
106
106. The Weymouth bit is a curb with a fixed mouthpiece. - HH 31
TRUE
107
107. The snaffle is slightly higher than the curb in the Weymouth bridle. - HH 31
TRUE
108
108. The Liverpool bit is a curb with a fixed or loose mouthpiece. - HH 31
TRUE
109
109. The Liverpool bit is commonly used on driving horses. - HH 31
TRUE
110
110. To remove oxidation or rust spots on the bit, wipe the bit with steel wool. - HH 31
TRUE
111
111. During cold weather, you should warm the mouthpiece before placing the bit in the horse's mouth. - HH 31
TRUE
112
112. Stirrups set forward throw the rider into the pommel. - HH 32
FALSE
113
113. The cut back saddle sits the rider further back and straighter compared to other riding styles. - HH 32
TRUE
114
114. The saddle seat is ridden with long stirrups. - HH 32
TRUE
115
115. The cut back saddle is generally used for a horse with more front-end action and a higher head set. - HH 32
TRUE
116
116. The flaps on the hunt seat may include padded knee rolls to help the rider when riding on the flat or going over jumps. - HH 32
TRUE
117
117. The seat of the both the Western saddle and English saddle are measured from the head nail to the center of the cantle. - HH 33
FALSE
118
118. Western blankets and English pads should both be larger than the saddle resting on them. - HH 34
TRUE
119
119. Saddle pads are not necessary for English saddles. - HH 34
TRUE
120
120. When leather gets wet, place it near heat to dry it out. - HH 34
FALSE
121
121. Proper grooming improves the condition and fitness of the muscle. - HH 35
TRUE
122
122. Grooming should start days in advance of the show. - HH 35
FALSE
123
123. Grooming implies the preparation of the entire horse, excluding the feet. - HH 35
FALSE
124
124. A couple of swallows of water every few minutes aids in cooling out your horse. - HH 36
TRUE
125
125. To pick up the fore foot, stand beside your horse's shoulder facing his front. - HH 36
FALSE
126
126. Work from the toe toward the heel with the hoof pick. - HH 37
FALSE
127
127. If your horse is going into the show ring, make sure the wall of the foot is clean. - HH 37
TRUE
128
128. The usual grooming procedure starts on the near side. - HH 37
TRUE
129
129. The currycomb is never used on the head or below the knees and hocks. - HH 37
tue
130
130. Long gliding strokes with the stiff-bristled brush removes the most dirt. - HH 37
FALSE
131
131. Washing is a poor substitute for regular grooming. - HH 38
TRUE
132
132. Hand rubbing helps produce a glossy coat. - HH 38
TRUE
133
133. Clipping may be used as a substitute for proper grooming. - HH 38
FALSE
134
134. The hair around the fetlock joint is trimmed to give the legs a neater, cleaner appearance. - HH 39
TRUE
135
135. Showing in performance classes is and should be fun. - HH 40
TRUE
136
136. In performance classes, the rider should seem to almost disappear. - HH 40
TRUE
137
137. It is better to scratch an entry than to enter a lame, injured, or sour horse. - HH 41
TRUE
138
138. Unnecessary roughness or discourtesy will be cause to be dismissed from further competition. - HH 42
TRUE
139
139. You may tie your horse to arena fence or hark them at the arena. - HH 42
FALSE
140
140. Low shoes are suitable and appropriate attire for all classes. - HH 42
FALSE
141
141. Walk beside a horse when leading, never in front. - HH 42
TRUE
142
142. Teach a horse to lead easily and freely at any gait before trying to show in the ring. - HH 42
TRUE
143
143. Showing begins at entry and ends after exit. - HH 43
TRUE
144
144. In showmanship, only the exhibitor is to be judged. - HH 44
TRUE
145
145. Spurs are prohibited in showmanship classes. - HH 44
TRUE
146
146. In Hunt Showmanship, if the horse is shown in a full bridle, the snaffle rein is across the withers and the horse is led with the curb rein. - HH 44
TRUE
147
147. When showing in Draft Horse Showmanship, you do not switch sides of your horse as the judge moves around it. - HH 45
TRUE
148
148. In Draft Horse Showmanship, switch the lead to your left hand to pose your horse. - HH 45
TRUE
149
149. Foot troubles and the necessity for shoeing are largely man-made. - HH 47
TRUE
150
150. The toe strikes the ground slightly before the heel and frog. - HH 48
FALSE
151
151. The foot and leg are engineered to minimize shock. - HH 48
TRUE
152
152. The horse's base of support grows out from under the horse if shoes are left on too long. - HH 48
TRUE
153
153. Shoes may be used to help cure disease or defective hooves. - HH 48
TRUE
154
154. The foot should be made to fit the shoe, not the shoe to fit the foot. - HH 49
FALSE
155
155. Approach a horse from its left and from the front. - HH 51
TRUE
156
156. The closer you stand to a horse, the less likely you will be kicked. - HH 51
TRUE
157
157. Always walk around your horse; never walk under the rope tie nor step over it. - HH 52
TRUE
158
158. When leading into a box stall, turn the horse to that it faces the back of the stall before releasing the lead. -HH 52
FALSE
159
159. When using a double rigged saddle, remember to tighten the rear cinch first, front cinch last. - HH 53
FALSE
160
160. The American Saddlebred Horse has no color restrictions. - HH 59
TRUE
161
161. Which two coat colors always have black points? - HH 4
Bay & Dun
162
162. What is a dark stripe across the shoulders? - HH 4
Cross
163
163. The mane and tail of a chestnut horse are never: - HH 4
Black
164
164. A roan with a base coat color of chestnut is known as a ______roan. - HH 5
Strawberry
165
165. A gray horse with small black or reddish specks or spots on a predominantly white background is known as: - HH 5
Flea Bitten
166
166. What is "tucked up?" - HH 4
Thin and cut up in the flank
167
167. What is a mark of identification? - HH 4
Brand
168
168. Which color is described as that of a "newly minted gold coin?" - HH 5
Palamino
169
169. Which color is described as "mouse gray, may seem purple or smoke colored?" - HH 4
Grullo
170
170. Black mane, tail and lower portion of the legs are known as: - HH 6
Black Points
171
171. What describes a darker ribbon which goes along the back from the mane to the tail? - HH 6
Line-back
172
172. Red-speckled means a gray or roan having what two color specks on a white background? - HH 6
Bay or Chestnut
173
173. Which two colors of horses are often found to be mealy-mouthed? - HH 7
Bay & Brown
174
174. A ____is a long narrow band of white working from the forehead down toward the muzzle. - HH 7
Stripe
175
175. How a horse moves its feet and legs at a walk, trot, etc., is known as: - HH 8
Action
176
176. What is another name for chestnuts? - HH 8
Night Eyes
177
177. A horse is called ___when it is lacking refinement and has a rough, harsh appearance. - HH 8
Coarse
178
178. Long, sloping pasterns throwing the fetlocks low is called: - HH 8
Coon Footed
179
179. The region of the lumbar vertebrae, loin, or space between the last rib and hip is called - HH 8
Coupling
180
180. When the hocks are close together and the feet are wide apart the horse is called: - HH 9
Cow-hocked
181
181. The part of the back just in front of the base of the tail is the: - HH 9
Croup
182
182. The downward rotation of the toe of coffin bone inside the hoof due to chronic founder or laminitis is: - HH 9
Dropped sole
183
183. A horny growth behind the fetlock joint is called: - HH 9
Ergot
184
184. The muscular part of the hind leg above the hock is called the: - HH 9
Gaskin
185
185. Horses with short steep croups are called: - HH 9
Goose-rumped
186
186. Paunchy horses have: - HH 9
Too much belly
187
187. The top of a horse's head just back of the ears is called the: - HH 9
Poll
188
188. A horse with a very flexible neck who is hard to rein is called: - HH 9
Rubberneck
189
189. A curved, crooked hock is called: - HH 9
Sickle
190
190. A horse that holds its head too high and its nose out is called: - HH 9
Stargazer
191
191. A protruding under jaw is called: - HH 9
Undershot
192
192. Parrot mouth is where: - HH 10
The lower jaw is too short
193
193. The shoulder should join the neck at about - HH 10
45 degrees
194
194. The shoulder should be set at an angle of from the withers down to the point of the shoulder. --HH 10
45 degrees
195
195. Masculinity in the stallion and femininity in the mare is defined as: - HH 12
Sex character
196
196. A horse that toes in is called: - HH 12
Pigeon-toed
197
197. A horse that toes out is called: - HH 12
Splay-footed
198
198. A "scuffing" on the inside of the diagonal forefeet and hindfeet is called: - HH 13
Cross-firing
199
199. A noticeable pause in the flight of the foot, as though the stride were completed before the foot reaches the ground is: - HH 13
Dwelling
200
200. Striking the forefoot with the toe of the hindfoot is: - HH 13
Forging
201
201. Striking the fetlock or cannon with the opposite foot is: - HH 13
Interfering
202
202. A defect detected when the animal favors the affected foot is: - HH 13
Lameness
203
203. Throwing the front feet outward as they are picked up is: - HH 13
Paddling
204
204. Paddling is most common in: - HH 13
Pigeon toed horses
205
205. Perceptible extension of the stride with little flexion is: - HH 13
Pointing
206
206. Heavy contact with the ground is: - HH 13
Pounding
207
207. Excessive lateral shoulder motion is: - HH 13
Rolling
208
208. The hairline at top of the hindfoot hits the toe of the forefoot as it breaks over is: - HH 13
Scalping
209
209. The inside of diagonal fore and hind pastern make contact is: - HH 13
Speedy cutting
210
210. A short, quick, choppy stride is: - HH 13
Trappy
211
211. A twisting of the striding leg around in front of supporting leg is: - HH 13
Winding
212
212. An exaggerated paddling is: - HH 13
Winging
213
213. Interfering is most often done by ____or splay-footed horses. - HH 13
Base-narrow
214
214. Artificial gaits include: - HH 17
Rack and Slow gait
215
215. The natural gaits of the horse include: - HH 17
Walk, Trot, Pace, Lope, Run, Back
216
217. What is the foundation gait? - HH 17
Walk
217
218. Characteristic stride in which the horse lifts its front and hind feet very high, flexing its knees and ankles is called: - HH 17
Action
218
219. A correct coordinated action is: - HH 17
Collected
219
220. When the front foot and the opposite hind foot take off and stop at the same time, it is a ____. -HH 17
Diagonal gait
220
221. When a rider's reactions to a horse's gaits are pleasant and enjoyable, the horse is called: - HH 17
Easy gaited
221
222. When the gaits are executed in a smooth, collected manner, the horse is called: - HH 17
Free going
222
223. A particular way of going, characterized by a distinctive rhythmic movement of the feet and legs is referred to as: - HH 17
Gaits
223
224. When a horse's action in motion is difficult to perform and plainly excessive, it is referred to as: - HH 17
Labored
224
225. A fast, two beat gait with the front and hind legs on the same side moving simultaneously is: - HH 18
Pace
225
226. Striking the ground hard in the stride is: - HH 18
Pounding
226
227. A fast, unnatural, four-beat gait in which each foot meets the ground separately at equal intervals is the: -HH 18
Rack
227
228. Side motion of the forehand is: - HH 18
Rolling
228
229. When the stride lacks spring or action, causing the rider unnecessary fatigue, the horse is called: - HH 18
Hard gaited
229
230. The ability of a horse to control its action in order to travel collectedly and in correct form is: - HH 19
Balance
230
231. The line in which the foot is carried during the stride is: - HH 19
Directness
231
232. The time used in taking one stride is: - HH 19
Rapidity
232
233. The precision sequence with which each stride is taken in turn is: - HH 19
Regularity
233
234. The equipment and clothing used in showing are called: - HH 20
Appointments
234
235. The rein placed against the neck for direction of turn is: - HH 20
Bearing rein
235
236. The excess part of the reins passing beyond the thumb and fingers and out of the hand: - HH 20
Bight of the reins
236
237. Holding to the saddle with hands while riding a bucking horse: - HH 20
Pull leather
237
238. A type of Western reins: - HH 20
Romel
238
239. In which type of equitation should the rider sit the jog and not post? - HH 24
Stock
239
240. Curb chains must be at least ___" in width and lie flat against the jaws of the horse. - HH 24
1/2"
240
241. Which piece of equipment is prohibited? - HH 24
Running martingales
241
242. Which is not a style of headstall? - HH 27
Saddle seat
242
243. Which type of western rein is most popular? - HH 27
Split
243
244. Which type of Western headstall has a crown piece that is split allowing one ear to pass through the crown piece to hold the headstall in place? - HH 27
Split ear
244
245. Which type of Western headstall has a small loop added to the crown piece to go around the ear? - HH 27
Slip ear
245
246. Which type of Western headstall has a brow band added to the headstall to keep the crown piece from sliding down the horse's neck? - HH 27
Conventional
246
247. The part of the hackamore that fits over and around the nose is: - HH 27
Bosal
247
248. A piece of equipment placed in the horse's mouth, used to apply pressure for communication is: - HH 27
Bit
248
249. A combination of bridle, harness pad, and crupper used to teach the horse to flex at the poll: - HH 27
Bitting rig
249
250. The back of a saddle: - HH 27
Cantle
250
251. A stiff noseband on a halter used with longe strap in training: - HH 27
Cavesson
251
252. A western saddle with a cinch hung from the center: - HH 27
Center fire
252
253. A wide cord girth used on western saddles: - HH 27
Cincha
253
254. A saddle pad cut to fit the shape of the saddle with a large colorful roll around the edge: - HH 27
Corona
254
255. The wide pieces of leather along the stirrup leathers on a saddle: - HH 27
Fenders
255
256. A special knot on a hackamore: - HH 27
Fiadore
256
257. The front part of a western saddle fitting over the withers: - HH 27
Fork
257
258. The measure of the circumference of a horse's body back of the withers: - HH 27
Girth
258
259. A bitless bridle used in breaking and training: - HH 27
Hackamore
259
260. The leather bridle straps exclusive of the bit and reins: - HH 27
Head stall
260
261. Straps fastened to the front legs of a horse to prevent it from straying from camp: - HH 27
Hobbles
261
262. In harness racing, leather loops that are connected by straps and placed on the gaskin and forearm, connecting the front and rear legs of the same side of pacing horses to assist in maintaining the pacing gait:___ -HH 27
Hobbles
262
263. What bridle is used for polo, hunt, dressage and pleasure riding? - HH 28
Pelham bridle
263
264. Snaffle bits are direct action bits. - HH 29
TRUE
264
265. A ring of rope, rawhide, or metal on a lasso through which the loop slides: - HH 29
Honda
265
266. A Spanish bridle is: - HH 29
Jaquima
266
267. The leather flaps on the side of a saddle: - HH 29
Jockey
267
268. Close fitting riding breeches, or ankle-high high shoes worn with breeches: - HH 29
Jodhpers
268
269. A rope, often or rawhide, with running noose, used for catching cattle: - HH 29
Lariat
269
270. A strap running from the girth between front legs to the bridle: - HH 29
Martingale
270
271. A hackamore lead rope: - HH 29
Mecate
271
272. The part of the mouthpiece of a bit curving up over the tongue: - HH 29
Port
272
273. A term to describe the shape of the fork on a western saddle: - HH 29
Slick
273
274. A broad strap about the girth, to hold the blanket in place: - HH 29
Surcingle
274
275. A stirrup cover: - HH 29
Tapadera
275
276. The wooden or metal frame of a saddle: - HH 29
Tree
276
277. What kind of rigging is used for roping? - HH 32
Full double
277
278. Which rigging is used for trail? - HH 32
In-skirt
278
279. The cut back saddle is developed for a horse with more front-end action and higher head set. - HH 32
TRUE
279
280. Width of the withers should be measured ___below the top of the withers to correspond to the fork width of the saddle. - HH 33
2 inches
280
281. The ___ saddle is an elongated version of the forward seat saddle. - HH 33
Dressage
281
282. What is used to stabilize and prevent a saddle from slipping backward? - HH 34
Breastplate
282
283. A leather strap fastened to the rear of the saddle and looping under the base of the tail; used to stabilize and prevent a saddle from slipping forward: - HH 34
Crupper
283
284. Supports and protects the splint bone during work: - HH 34
Splint boots
284
285. Protect the back of the rear fetlocks from abrasion: - HH 34
Skid boots
285
286. Protects the back of the front coronary band from injury due to the hind feet stepping on the front feet: -HH 34
Bell boots
286
287. Hair of the tail cut below the dock of the tail: - HH 35
Banged tail
287
288. Usually refers to hair that is clean and glossy, denoting a healthy appearance: - HH 35
Bloom
288
289. Short cut mane: - HH 35
Hogged
289
290. Hairs of tail thinned by pulling: - HH 35
Pulled
290
291. Mane cut off so part is left standing upright: - HH 35
Roached
291
292. A "cooled out" horse is neither hot to the touch nor breathing hard. - HH 36
TRUE
292
293. What two breeds are normally shown with a full mane and tail? - HH 38
Arabian and Saddle horses
293
294. The bridle path is usually ___ inches long. - HH 39
1 1/2 - 2
294
295. Some gaited Saddle Horses have bridle paths that are trimmed ___ inches down the neck. - HH 39
6-7.
295
296. Hunters may be shown with the tail braided for a distance of ___ inches from the base. - HH 39
8-12.
296
297. A seven-and-one-half-minute period in a polo game: - HH 40
Chukker
297
298. Bones of the tail cut in shortening the tail: - HH 40
Docked
298
299. The training of a horse to respond to natural movements when requested by the rider with the use of reins, hands and feet. - HH 40
Dressage
299
300. A horse with little training: - HH 40
Green horse
300
301. A program of games on horseback: - HH 40
Gymkhana
301
302. A horse ridden to a hunt meet: - HH 40
Hack
302
303. A collection of saddle horses: - HH 40
Remuda
303
304. The rider has a minor role in equitation classes. - HH 40
FALSE
304
305. Draft horses may be shown with a show stick approximately 1 inch in diameter and ___ long. - HH 44
14 inches
305
306. The horny-grooved inside of the hoof: - HH 47
Laminae
306
307. A disease of the foot characterized by a pungent odor: - HH 47
Thrush
307
308. The healthy hoof grows ___ to ____ inch per month. - HH 47
3/8;1/2
308
309. A scissor like tool used to trim the hoof: - HH 47
Nippers
309
310. The varnish like outer layer of the hoof: - HH 47
Periople
310
311. The ___ is attached to the coffin bone and causes the extension of the hoof at each step. - HH 48
Extensor tendon
311
312. Splayfoot is: - HH 49
Front toes turned out, heels turned in
312
313. A vertical crack on the side of the hoof: - HH 49
Quarter crack
313
314. Cocked ankles can be helped or corrected by: - HH 49
Lowering the heels
314
315. Close at heels: - HH 49
Contrated heel
315
316. When a horse travels in a manner inconsistent with its natural way of going: - HH 50
Lameness
316
317. A serious ailment of the sensitive laminae: - HH 50
Founder
317
318. A bruise of the sole at the angle of the wall and the bar of the hoof: - HH 50
Corn
318
319. An actual infection of the sensitive portions of the hoof that gains access through cracks in the white line on the sole: - HH 50
Gravel
319
320. A group of horses having common origin and possessing certain distinguishable characteristics that are transmittable to their offspring: - HH 56
Breed
320
321. Those characteristics of a breed that distinguish it from other breeds such as function, conformation and/or color: - HH 56
Breed character
321
322. Standard of excellence set up by an association for its breed or registry: - HH 56
Breed standard
322
323. Those characteristics commonly accepted as ideal for a particular breed: - HH 56
Breed type
323
324. The offspring of a sire and a dam of different breeds or types: - HH 56
Crossbred
324
325. A group of animals within a breed, all of which trace directly to a common ancestor: - HH 56
Family
325
326. An animal of unknown ancestry: - HH 56
Grade
326
327. Designating the pedigree of an individual consisting of one or more breeds: - HH 56
Part-bred
327
328. Written record of the ancestry of an animal: - HH 56
Pedigree
328
329. A record book in which the performance of animals is recorded and preserved: - HH 56
Performance Registry
329
330. An organization formed for the purpose of keeping records of the ancestry of individuals within a breed or registry, and to promote the breed or registry: - HH 58
Registry Association
330
331. A book of record published by breed registry associations for purebred horses, ponies or jacks: - HH 58
Stud book
331
332. Which breed is depicted in cave drawings over 2000 years ago? - HH 56
Appaloosa
332
333. Which is the oldest purebred and foundation horse for many modern horse breeds? - HH 56
Arabian
333
335. The American Miniature Horse cannot be taller than ___ inches. - HH 57
34"
334
336. Which breed originated from breeding small English and Dutch mine horses? - HH 56
Miniature horse
335
337. Which breed was developed from saddle horses by settlers in the Ozarks? - HH 56
Missouri Fox Trotting Horse
336
338. Which breed is known for a "rocking chair" canter? - HH 57
Missouri Fox Trotting Horse
337
339. Where is the Palomino Horse Registry? - HH 58
United States
338
340. Which breed is known as a breed of blacks and grays? - HH 59
Percheron
339
341. Where did the Percheron originate? - HH 58
France
340
342. The Pinto Horse Association of America, Inc includes how many conformation types? - HH 59
4
341
343. Which breed has essentially Appaloosa coat patterns and characteristics? - HH 59
Pony of the Americas
342
344. The Pony of the Americas stands between ___ and ____ inches tall at the withers. - HH 59
46;56
343
345. Where did the Shetland Pony originate? - HH 58
Scotland
344
346. Which breed is known for its ability to do the running walk? - HH 59
Tennessee Walking Horse
345
347. Where did the Welsh Pony originate? - HH 58
Wales
346
348. A brand may be burned on the ____ , shoulder, or hip. - HH 4
Cheek
347
349. A red roan has a base coat color of ___ . - HH 5
Bay
348
350. The coat of a roan horse carries ___ hairs intermingled with one or more base colors. - HH 5
White
349
351. Pure indicates uniformity, clarity and depth of ____ . - HH 6
Color
350
352. Grays can have a ___ a darker background. - HH 5
Dappled
351
353. _____ always means dark stripes on the legs and/or withers. - HH 6
Zebra
352
354. The lower leg bone below the knee or below the hock, and above the fetlock joint is the ____ HH 8
Cannon bone
353
355. Conformation is structure, form, and ____ arrangement of parts as applied to a horse. - HH 8
Symmetrical
354
356. Coon footed is long, sloping ____ throwing the fetlocks low. - HH 8
Pasterns
355
357. The coupling is the region of the ____ vertebrae. - HH 8
Lumbar
356
358. Conformation includes ____, ____, and ____. -HH 8
Type, muscling, balance, stuctural smoothness (in any order)
357
359. The cannon bone is below the knee or below the ____. -HH 8
Hock
358
360. The horny growths on the inside of the horse's leg are called ____. -HH 8
Chestnuts
359
361. ____ depends upon the function a horse is to perform. - HH 9
Type
360
362. Cow-hocked is ____ close together, ____ wide apart. - HH 9
Cow-hocked is HOCKS close together, FEET wide apart.
361
363. An ergot is a horny growth behind the ____ joint. - HH 9
Fetlock
362
364. The gaskin is the muscular part of the hind leg above the ____ . - HH 9
Hock
363
365. A thin, sharp, arched back is called a ____ back. - HH 9
Roached
364
366. Sickle-hock is observed from the ____ . - HH 9
Side
365
367. Both the ____ and the ____ of muscle are important. - HH 9
quantity, quality (any order)
366
368. A balanced appearance comes from the forequarter and hindquarter appearing to bo of nearly equal ____ and ____ . - HH 9
Size, Development (any order)
367
369. What are the two reasons why the loin must be short and very strongly muscled? - HH 10
It supports the wieght of the saddle and rider, lifts the forequarters when the horse is in motion (any order)
368
370. Action is affected by the set of the ____ and ____. -HH 12
Feet, Legs (any order)
369
371. A(n) ____ is an abnormality which may detract from the appearance of a horse, but does not affect service-ability. - HH 13
Blemish
370
372. A(n) ____ is an abnormality that interferes with the usefulness of the horse. - HH 13
Unsoundness
371
373. Rolling is excessive lateral ____ motion. - HH 13
Shoulder
372
374. Horses that are trappy tend to have straight ____ and straight ____. -HH 13
Pasterns, shoulders (any order)
373
375. Winging is an exaggerated ____ particularly noticeable in high-going horses. - HH 13
Paddling
374
376. In 4-H contests, there are usually how many horses in a halter class? -HH 14
Four
375
377. How long is the usual time limit for giving reasons? -HH 14
Two minutes
376
378. ____ is most important in giving reasons. - HH 14
Accuracy
377
379. When the horse is in action, look for ___ of stride and hock as the horse travels ____ from you. - HH 14
When the horse is in action, look for LENGTH of stride and hock ACTION as the horse travels AWAY from you.
378
380. On close inspection, look for ____ and cleanness of withers. - HH 14
Height
379
381. On a side view from a distance, look for ____ of coupling. - HH 14
Shortness
380
382. From a distance on a rear view, look for length and width of inside and outside ___ muscle. -HH 14
Gaskin
381
383. The judge determines the value of your reasons by what four (4) criteria? -HH 14
Accuracy, Presentation and Delivery,Completeness, Terms (any order)
382
384. At the walk, a horse never has more than __________ nor less than __________ feet bearing weight at the same time. - HH 17
same time. - HH 17
Three, Two (in this order)
383
385. For the draft horse, the ___ is the most important gait. - HH 17
Walk
384
386. What are the six natural gaits? -HH 17
Walk, Trot (Jog), Pace, Canter (Lope), Run (Gallop), Back (ANY ORDER)
385
387. What are the two acquired gaits? -HH 17
Rack, Slow gait (ANY ORDER)
386
389. A canter is a ____ beat gait. - HH 17
Three
387
390. A gallop is a fast ____ beat gait. -HH 17
Four
388
391. The front and hind feet on the same side of the horse start and stop at the same time in a ____. -HH 18
Lateral gait
389
392. Single-foot is also called ____. -HH 18
Rack
390
393. A running walk is a ____ -beat gait faster than a walk, often over six miles per hour. - HH 18
Four
391
394. The distance from imprint to imprint by a horse's foot when completing one step is ____. -HH 18
Stride
392
395. Horses switching leads in front by not in the rear, or just the opposite, are called cross-legged or ____ in their canter. - HH 18
Disunited
393
396. What are the five important features of a stride? -HH 19
Balance, Directness, Height, Length, Rapidity, Regularity (ANY ORDER)
394
397. What are the three basic styles of equitation? -HH 20
Stock or Western, Hunt seat, Saddle seat
395
398. What are the four aids used in controlling a horse? -HH 20
Legs, Hands, Weight, Voice (ANY ORDER)
396
399. The art of riding the horse and of understanding its needs is ____? -HH 20
Horsemanship
397
400. The far side is the ___ side of a horse. - HH 20
Right
398
401. The near side is the ____ side of a horse. - HH 20
Left
399
402. Riding begins with proper ____. -HH 20
Mounting
400
403. Appointments are the equipment and clothing used in ____. -HH 20
Showing
401
404. To obtain the left lead, apply pressure with your ____. -HH 23
Right
402
405. What movement is important for opening gates? -HH 23
Side pass
403
406. The rider should sit in the saddle with the knees slightly bent so that the __, ___, and ___ form a straight line. - HH 24
Shoulder, Hip, Heel (Any order)
404
407. In hunter seat equitation, the ____ should be on the ball of the foot. - HH 25
Iron
405
408. In saddle seat equitation, the bight of the reins should be on the ____ side. -HH 26
off, right, far (all are correct)
406
409. In saddle seat equitation, proper stirrup length can be determined by taking the foot out of the stirrup and adjusting the stirrup leather so that the height of the bottom of the stirrup equals the ___. - HH 26
Ankle [joint]
407
410. In saddle seat equitation, jodhpur boots should be ____ high. -HH 26
Ankle
408
411. The three basic parts of a bridle are ___, ____, and ____. -HH 27
headstall, bit(s), reins (any order)
409
412. What are the four styles or designs of headstalls? -HH 26
Western, English, Hunt, Driving (any order)
410
413. The three types of Western headstalls are ___, ____, and ____. -HH 27
Split ear, Slip ear, Conventional (any order)
411
414. A basic English bridle for show or pleasure consists of a headstall, brow band, ____ , snaffle bit, and one set of reins. - HH 27
Cavesson
412
415. The __________ functions to keep the horse's mouth closed. - HH 27
Cavesson
413
416. ____ bridles combine two separate bits. - HH 27
Full
414
417. Full bridles combine two separate bits, a __________ (Weymouth) and a __________ (Bridoon) in one
bridle. - HH 27
curb, snaffle (this specific order)
415
418. In a full bridle, the snaffle ____ the horses's head. - HH 28
Raises
416
419. The ____ bridle has one bit with two sets of reins. - HH 28
Pelham
417
420. The hackamore works by pressure exerted on the __________ , the __________ , and the __________ . -
HH 28
underside of the jaw, bridge of nose, poll (any order)
418
421. A __________ , usually made of braided horsehair rope, is attached to the heel knot of the bosal. - HH 28
Mecate
419
422. A __________ __________ has a shorter noseband than the bosal and the noseband is attached to long-shanked cheek pieces like those on a curb bit. - HH 28
long-shanked cheek pieces like those on a curb bit. - HH 28
Mechanical hackamore
420
423. The primary pressure point of a mechanical hackamore is the ____. -HH 28
underside of the jaw
421
424. Bits operate by putting ____ on one or more parts of the horse's head. - HH 29
Pressure
422
425. Bits rest on the part of the mouth called the __________ , which is an area between the molars and incisor teeth. - HH 29
teeth. - HH 29
Bars
423
426. Your ____ apply and control the degree of pressure communicated to the horse. - HH 29
Hands
424
427. What are the four parts of the bit? -HH 29
Mouthpiece, Shanks, Cheek, Rings or Slots (any order)
425
428. ____ is determined by how much discomfort is produced at each pressure point. - HH 29
Severity
426
429. Severity of a bit is determined by what four factors? -HH 29
Diameter of the mouthpiece, Type of mouthpiece, Amount of leverage produced (length of shank),Horse's head position (any order)
427
430. A ____ martingale is attached to the cavesson. - HH 29
Standing
428
431. A ____ martingale has rings through which the reins pass. - HH 29
Running
429
432. An oil made from suet, feet, and bones of cattle, used for softening leather is ____. -HH 29
Neat's foot
430
433. The toothed wheels on spurs are called ____. -HH 29
Rowels
431
434. The portion of the bit from the mouthpiece down is called ____. -HH 29
Shank
432
435. An emergency bridle made of rope is called a ____ bridle. - HH 29
War
433
436. ____ bits operate on a lever principle. - HH 30
Curb
434
437. The most sophisticated curb bit is the ____ and it is used on highly trained western horses. - HH 30
Spade
435
438. The ____ bit is often referred to as a snaffle, but it is actually a jointed curb and not a snaffle. - HH 30
Tom Thumb
436
439. The mildest form of snaffle is a ____ mouthpiece. - HH 30
Bar
437
440. What are the four criteria for selecting a saddle? -HH 31
Must fit horse, Must fit rider, Must be appropriate for riding style, Should not interfere with the ability of the horse to perform (any order)
438
441. What rigging is used on pack saddles and bucking saddles? -HH 32
Center fire
439
442. What is a full double rigging used for? -HH 32
Roping
440
443. What two riggings are used for reining, cutting, and pleasure? -HH 32
Seven-eighths double, Three-fourths double (any order)
441
444. The hunt seat placed the rider's weight over the ____ of the horse. - HH 32
Withers
442
445. The Dressage saddle is an elongated version of the ____ saddle. - HH 33
forward seat/hunt seat (either answer)
443
446. Both western and English tree widths are measured across the bottom of the ____. -HH 33
Gullet
444
447. What are the four purposes of saddle pads or blankets? -HH 33
Protect the horse's back, absorb sweat/moisture, protect the saddle, help saddle fit better (any order)
445
448. What are the three phases of a good fitting program? -HH 35
Feeding, Health, Grooming (any order)
446
449. What are the two types of brushes generally used? -HH 35
Stiff-bristled cleaning brush, smooth fibered body brush (any order)
447
450. A ____ currycomb is preferred to the ____ type. - HH 35
Rubber, metal (specific order)
448
451. What are the six necessary pieces of grooming equipment? -HH 35
Brushes, Currycomb, Hoof pick, Grooming cloth, Mane and tail comb, Clippers and/or scissors (any order)
449
452. ____ is a diseased condition of the frog of the foot. - HH 36
Thrush
450
453. Clean the brush every few strokes with the ____. -HH 37
Currycomb
451
454. Washing removes the protective ____ of the hair and skin. - HH 38
Oil
452
455. Before exhibiting your horse, the final touch consists of going over the horse's body with the ____. -HH 38
Grooming cloth
453
456. Clipping a couple __________ before show time will allow the hair to grow enough to eliminate clipper marks. -HH 39
marks. - HH 39
Weeks
454
457. The clipped area of the mane where the head stall crosses behind the ears is called the ____. -HH 39
Bridlepath
455
458. A race without jumps is a ____. -HH 40
Flat race
456
459. Advanced training and exercise of the horse is ____. -HH 40
High school
457
460. The exercising of a horse on the end of a long rope or line is ____. -HH 40
Lounge
458
461. A Chukker is a seven-and-one-half-minute period in a ____ game. - HH 40
Polo
459
462. A relay of mounts is called a ____. -HH 40
Remuda
460
463. What are the 4 C's of the show arena? -HH 40
Confidence, Cooperation, Consideration, Carefulness (any order)
461
464. In showmanship, the pattern should be designed to test the exhibitor's ability to present a horse to ____. - HH 44
The Judge
462
465. When leading in showmanship, the head should be about even with your ____. -HH 45
Shoulder
463
466. In showmanship, lead from the ____ side of your horse. - HH 45
Left
464
467. When turning the horse to the left __________ degrees or less in showmanship, the horse should be turned to the left. - HH 46
90
465
468. Another name for a horse shoer is a ____. -HH 47
Farrier
466
469. The ____ is the curved covering of horn over the foot. - HH 47
Hoof
467
470. Thrush causes a softening of tissues in the cleft of the ____ and bars. - HH 47
Frog
468
471. A ____ is a course file used to level the wall of the hoof. - HH 47
Rasp
469
472. Never rasp the outside ____ of the hoof. - HH 47
Wall
470
473. What are the three main functions of the hoof? -HH 48
Shock absorption, Locomotion, Circulation (any order)
471
474. The deep flexor tendon is attached to the ____ and the hoof. - HH 48
Coffin bone
472
475. The ____ cushion acts as a sponge where blood pools when pressure on the hoof decreases. - HH 48
Plantar
473
476. The foot and leg are engineered to minimize ___ and road concussion. - HH 48
Shock
474
477. Splay foot can be helped or corrected by trimming the ___ half of the foot - HH 49
Outer
475
478. Pigeon Toe can be helped or corrected by trimming the ____ half of the foot. - HH 49
Inner
476
479. Quarter crack usually can be corrected if the hoof is kept moist and the ____ shortened. - HH 49
Toes
477
480. ____ is a new bone growth on the long pastern bone, short pastern bone or coffin bone. - HH 50
Ringbone
478
481. On long rides, dismount and lead for ____ minutes each hour. - HH 53
Five
479
482. Ride with your weight on the ____ horse should fall. - HH 53
Balls
480
483. ____ are poles on the ground which are properly spaced. - HH 54
Cavaletti
481
484. The ____ is the owner of the dam at the time of breeding. - HH 56
Breeder
482
485. A cold blooded horse is a horse of ____ horse breeding. - HH 56
Draft
483
486. ____ is the female parent or mother. - HH 56
Dam
484
487. ____ is the offspring of a sire. - HH 56
Get
485
488. ____ is of eastern or oriental blood. - HH 56
Hot blooded
486
489. ____ is the offspring of a dam. - HH 56
Produce
487
490. An individual having parents recorded in the same registry association is a ____ . - HH 56
Purebred
488
491. ____ is the male parent or father. - HH 58
Sire
489
492. ____ is a horse breeding establishment or farm. - HH 58
Stud
490
493. Appaloosas come in a variety of coat color patterns, mottled skin, vertically striped hooves and white ____ around the eye. - HH 57
Sclera
491
494. ____ was the first breeder of mules in North America. - HH 56
George Washington
492
495. The Morgan horse originated in the ____ states in the US. - HH 57
New England
493
496. Paint horses need a spotted color pattern and ____ horse type confirmation for registration. - HH 57
Stock
494
497. The American Quarter Horse Association recognizes ____ colors. - HH 59
13
495
498. Any pony over _____ inches in height is not eligible for registry with the American Shetland Pony Club. -HH 59
46
496
499. The Thoroughbred exceeds other breeds at racing distances of 6 ____ to 1 1/2 miles. - HH 59
Furlongs
497
500. How many registration divisions does the Welsh Pony and Cob Society have? -HH 59
4
498
501. The Welsh Pony and Cob Society has different registrations according to ____ stipulations. - HH 59
Height
499
502. The haw is a third ____
Eyelid
