DCD lecture Flashcards
DCD is suspected when
- motor impairment or skill delay impacting age-appropriate activities
- Sufficient opportunities have been provided to learn a motor skill
- A motor impairment cannot be explained by another diagnosis
what are the 4 DSM-5-TR Criteria
- Motor Performance Deficits
- Participation and ADL Deficits
- Early onset
- No Exclusionary Conditions
what is the requirement to receive a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder?
- All 4 DSM-5-TR criteria must be met
Motor Performance Deficits
- Learning and performance of motor coordination activities are not meeting the expectation of child’s chronological age and opportunities
Participation and ADL Deficits
- Motor difficulties have a significant impact on:
Self care activities
Academic Achievement
Leisure
Play
No Exclusionary Conditions
- Motor challenges are not better explained by: intellectual impairments, visual impairment, neurologic and genetic conditions
Frequently associated conditions of DCD
- ADHD
- ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder)
- Speech impairments
- Learning or intellectual disability
- a person with one of these diagnoses has a 50% likelihood of also having DCD
Common Secondary impairments of DCD
- Increased sedentary activities
- Decreased cardiovascular health
- Social isolation
- Academic and behavioral challenges
- Higher rates of mental health
When is the most appropriate to screen for DCD?-
- starting around age 5
Clues when screening for DCD
- Birth weight < 1500g (3.3lbs)
- Birth prior to 32 weeks gestation
- ADD, ADHD, ASD, intellectual or learning Disability
- Hypotonicity or joint laxity
- Balance deficits
Factors associated with increased risk for DCD
- Birth weight < 1500g (3.3lbs)
- Birth prior to 32 weeks gestation
- ADD, ADHD, ASD, intellectual or learning Disability
Factors that are commonly observed in children with DCD
- Hypotonicity or joint laxity
- Balance deficits
Factors that can be causes of coordination impairment but are not DCD symptoms
- head injury
- headaches or blurred vision
- global developmental delayed
- deterioration of previously learned skills
- changes in muscle toe
- social delays
Possible Screening tools for DCD
MABC-2-C (Movement assessment battery)
DCDQ’07 ( Developmental coordination disorder questionnaire)
What is MABC-2
- takes account of behavioral difficulty
- Break tasks down to stability vs. mobility
- Predictable vs. unpredictable settings
What information should we gather in the history for suspecting DCD
- Prematurity
- Cos-existing conditions
- Birth weight
- frequent falls
- onset of noticeable symptoms
- family hx of ASD< DCD, ADHD
- Timing of developmental milestones
- School performance and services
what system review informations are to rule out other causes of coordination impairments?
- Atypical or asymmetrical muscle tone
- Headaches or pain
- Signs of trauma (head)
- Acute changes in cognition
- Acute changes In visual function or previous history of visual impairments
What system reviews information are to determine if secondary impairments of DCD are also present?
- Bruising or abrasions from falls
- Endurance at home and school (keeping up with peers, fatigue, etc)
Common Findings of Observation
- Decreased coordination (Jerky) movements
- Increased time to complete tasks
- Asymmetrical movement patterns
- Impaired motor sequencing and timing
-Increased step width - Double limb stance and stride time variability
- immature movement patterns compared to peers
- Delayed hopping, jumping, and ball skills
DCDQ’07 vs. MABC-2
DCDQ:
- Caregiver report
- Ages 5-15 years
- Evaluates gross and fine motor skills that require increased coordination
MABC-2
- Norm referenced
- ages 3-16 years, 11 months
- checklist for age 5-12 years, 0 months
what percentile of MABC-2 would indicate kids at probably DCD/significant movement difficulty?
5th percentile or lower
What percentile on MABC-2 indicate kids at risk for DCD?
5th - 15th percentile
Test & measures for DCD
- cardiorespiratory fitness
- muscle tone
- joint laxity
- Coordination
First- Choice Intervention
- Task oriented combined with body functions & structure interventions
