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BSCS 1-2 > dcit21a > Flashcards

dcit21a Flashcards

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1
Q

an electronic device that takes data, processes the data according to a series of instruction

A

computer

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2
Q

series of instruction that a computer must follow in order to process data into information

A

program

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3
Q

characteristics of a computer (6)

A
  1. MACHINE
  2. ELECTRONIC
  3. AUTOMATIC
  4. MANIPULATE DATA
  5. MEMORY
  6. LOGIC FUNCTIONS
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4
Q

computers can be used in (5)

A
  1. Business
  2. Home
  3. Entertainment
  4. Scientific Research
  5. Military
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5
Q

types of computers (5)

A
  1. Mainframes
  2. Personal Computers
    * Desktop Computers * Laptop Computers
  3. Tablet PCs
  4. Media Centre
  5. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
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6
Q

considered the 1st manual data processing device
developed in China in 12th century A.D.
performs arithmetic calculations

A

ABACUS

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7
Q

developed by a Scottish mathematician John Napier
obtain products & quotients of large numbers

A

NAPIER’S BONES

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8
Q

invented by William Oughtredin 17th century
arithmetic operations could be done by simply sliding the rulers

A

OUGHTRED’S SLIDE RULE

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9
Q

developed by a French mathematician Blaise Pascal in 1645
could add & subtract numbers up to 8 digits

A

PASCAL’S CALCULATOR

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10
Q

invented by Gottfried Leibniz in 1694
it utilized the same techniques for addition & subtraction as Pascal’s device but could also perform multiplication, division & square root

A

LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR

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11
Q

designed to use 2 types of cards: operation cards & variable cards
developed by Charles Babbage, the Father of Modern Computer. It is not because of the machine he build but rather his ideas became the basis for modern computation devices

A

BABBAGE ANALYTICAL ENGINE

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12
Q

the Father of Modern Computer

A

Charles Babbage

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13
Q

worked with Babbage & considered as the First Programmer

A

Augusta Ada Byron

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14
Q

developed by a statistician named Herman Hollerith in 1880 considered as the 1st commercially successful data processing machine.
Hollerith made a census machine used by the US Bureau of Census in 1890

A

Hollerith’s Punched Card Machine

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15
Q

Boolean Algebra

A

1800’s George Boole

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16
Q

General Purpose Programmable Computer

A

1930’s Alan Turing

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17
Q

first electronic digital purpose computer or Atanasoff Berry Computer

A

John Atanasoff

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18
Q

Introduced the concept of debugging or finding errors

A

1940’s Grace Hopper

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19
Q

ENIAC

A

Electronics Numerical Integrator and Computer

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20
Q

EDVAC

A

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer

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21
Q

EDSAC

A

Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer

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22
Q

computer simulation

A

Stanislaw Ulam

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23
Q

microprocessor chip

A

1960’s Ted Hoff

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24
Q

The co-founders of the Microsoft Corporation

A

1970’s Paul Allen and William Howard (Bill Gates)

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25
proposed/invented the World Wide Web (www)
1980’s Tim Berners-Lee
26
computer classifications (5)
1. According to age and component generations 2. According to size 3. According to Operation 4. According to Application 5. According to Design
27
FIRST GENERATION
VACUUM TUBES *slow *expensive *fragile *very large
28
SECOND GENERATION
TRANSISTORS(transfer resistance) *much simpler *much smaller *much cheaper *more reliable *no warm up *much faster
29
THIRD GENERATION
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS *miniaturization added to all the existing benefits *enabled un-thought of possibilities
30
FOURTH GENERATION
Medium Scale Integration (MSI) Large Scale Integration (LSI)
31
FIFTH GENERATION
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) *making computers behave like humans *Games Playing, Expert Systems, Natural Language, Neural Networks, Robotics
32
used to describe large computers. It can process large amounts of data at very high speed, hold up to millions of characters in its storage and support many input, output, and storage devices.
Mainframe
33
relatively smaller and slower computers compared to mainframe
Minicomputers
34
typically fits a desktop. Inside of it is a microprocessor, which has control capability for memory and I/O access, and which contains an arithmetic logic unit all on a single, chip less than one-quarter of an inch square.
Microcomputers
35
operates essentially on the basis of distinct (discrete) “on” and “off” states which can be represented by 1’s and 0’s referred to as binary digits.
Digital Computers
36
operate by measuring continuous physical or electrical magnitudes such as pressure, current, voltage, length or shaft rotations.
Analog Computers
37
combination of the desirable qualities of the analog and digital computers.
Hybrid Computers
38
computers that can manipulate numbers according to sophisticated formulas and keep track of the results to several decimal places.
Scientific Computers
39
computers that usually handle large volumes of data for input, perform simple calculations like addition and subtraction and print vast number of reports.
Business Computers
40
designed to perform a variety of operations by simply changing instructions.
General Purpose Computers
41
built for specific operation and usually satisfies the needs for a particular type of problem.
Special Purpose Computers
42
is a collection or independent raw facts and figures.
Data
43
is data that is made meaningful to someone
Information
44
Desirable Qualities of Information (5)
Relevance Completeness Timeliness Accuracy Presentable
45
composed of a series of activities responsible for transforming data into information.
Data Processing
46
refers to a conceptual framework wherein input in the form of data or information is processed which result in the generation of an output basically in the form of information
The INPUT – PROCESS – OUTPUT (I-P-O) Model
47
implies the extend use of manual labor in the processing of data. Such method is slow and relatively inaccurate and could not support the rapidly expanding information requirements.
Manual Data Processing
48
involves the use of machines or devices that alter, transmit and direct applied forces. The advantages are greater computational speed
Mechanical Data Processing
49
involves the use of mechanical devices with electric motors allowing them to carry out any operation. Ex. Printers which give a permanent record.
Electromechanical Data Processing
50
it has superior capacity to perform computations and other functions at incredible speeds.
Electronic Data Processing
51
the flow of data from the moment it is recorded until the time it becomes a usable piece of information is traced taking into consideration what is actually done on the data in the process of transforming it into information.
Data Processing Cycle
52
Major Phases of Data Processing Cycle (4)
Origination Phase Input Preparation Phase Processing Phase Output Preparation Phase
53
Three Important Manual Steps or Procedures To Minimize Data Error:
Editing Coding Verifying
54
process of selecting significant data and eliminating that, which does not need to be recorded for processing.
Editing
55
process that reduces the amount of data to be processed through the use of a code. A code is a symbolic representation of a thing or a fact and is comprised of numeric or alphabetic characters.
Coding
56
checking the accuracy of data gathered.
Verifying
57
conversion of data into useful and meaningful information.
Processing Phase
58
Kinds of Processes (4):
Classifying Sorting Calculating Summarizing
59
systematically grouping data into classes. Data normally have common characteristics or attributes.
Classifying
60
process of physically separating classified data and rearranging these into a predetermined sequence. It can be numerically or alphabetically, in ascending or descending order.
Sorting
61
involves arithmetical processes
Calculating
62
process of decreasing the level of details of data. It involves listing or tabulating data and totaling each list.
Summarizing
63
Several Ways How Information is provided to the User (2)
Reproduction Communication
64
could be transmitted in printed or oral form
Communication
65
It is a group of organized interdependent components that interact with and complement one another to achieve one or more predetermined goals.
System
66
Characteristics of System (6)
Unitary Whole Composed of Parts Bounded System Parts Interact With Each Other Hierarchical Goal-Oriented
67
a system is the sum of its parts glued into one distinct entity
Unitary Whole
68
a system is made up of functionally oriented
Composed of Parts
69
boundaries separate the system from its environment
Bounded
70
the parts are related and have definite interactions and interdependencies.
System Parts Interact With Each Other
71
Each system is likely to be part of another larger system. Just as it is likely to be divided into subsystems.
Hierarchical
72
The components all work toward a particular purpose of function.
Goal-Oriented
73
Basic Components of a System (4)
Inputs Processes Outputs Environment
74
elements that enter the system and take the form of energy, materials or information.
Inputs
75
actions on the inputs that converts it to outputs.
Processes
76
the finished product, which resulted from processing the inputs.
Outputs
77
the set of all outside elements or focuses that influence the system.
Environment
78
Types of System (2)
Information System Application System
79
a group of related activities (manual or computerized) designed to collect, process, generate and exchange information for the exclusive support of a major functional area to fulfill the problemsolving and decision making information needs of business workers of the organization.
Information System
80
a group of related activities designed to support a very specific function.
Application System
81
Computer System Components (3)
Hardware Software Peopleware
82
Two Types of Software
Systems Software Applications Software
83
refers to the physical components that are used in data preparation, data input, data storage, data computation and logic comparisons, control functions, and outputting information
Hardware
84
non-physical components such as the machine coded instructions used by the different hardware facilities. Refers to all computer programs which direct and control the computer hardware in data processing
Software
85
is a collection of programs that facilitates the programming and operation of the computer. It is an integral part of the computer system itself
Systems Software
86
not an integral part of the computer system. These programs are written to solve a specific problem. Maybe written by programmers or maybe purchase or leased from computer vendors, software companies or other computer users.
Applications software
87
refers to the personnel who manage, designs the application, writes and encodes the program.
Peopleware

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