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Question 1

What political trend emerged after the Great War?

Answer 1

Nationalism received a great boost, allowing the emergence of new states that reaffirmed themselves.

Question 2

What happened to the Second International after the Great War?

Answer 2

It was dissolved due to socialist parties not maintaining a common position, leading to the rise of communism.

Question 3

What is the ultimate goal of socialists?

Answer 3

They accept a socialist society with a significant role for the state but do not seek total abolition of the state or private property.

Question 4

What is the ultimate goal of communists?

Answer 4

They seek a classless, stateless society with collective ownership of production.

Question 5

What is the political strategy of socialists?

Answer 5

They prefer reformism through democratic processes and elections.

Question 6

What is the political strategy of communists?

Answer 6

They advocate revolution to overthrow capitalism.

Question 7

How do socialists view democracy?

Answer 7

They defend liberal democracy and seek to expand it.

Question 8

How do communists view democracy?

Answer 8

They consider liberal democracy a form of bourgeois dictatorship and promote proletarian democracy.

Question 9

What type of economic policy do socialists support?

Answer 9

They support a mixed economy with public ownership of strategic sectors.

Question 10

What type of economic policy do communists advocate?

Answer 10

They advocate collectivization of production and central planning.

Question 11

What rights do socialists emphasize?

Answer 11

They emphasize the protection of civil, political, social, and economic rights.

Question 12

What rights do communists justify restricting?

Answer 12

They justify restricting individual freedoms for collective well-being and consolidation of power.

Question 13

What significant political change occurred in Germany after the Great War?

Answer 13

The Weimar Republic was proclaimed, establishing universal suffrage and gender equality.

Question 14

What characterized the post-war economic crisis in Europe?

Answer 14

It was marked by low production rates, high unemployment, and social problems.

Question 15

What was the impact of the Spanish flu pandemic?

Answer 15

It exacerbated the economic crisis in post-war Europe.

Question 16

What led to hyperinflation in Germany in 1923?

Answer 16

The German government printed excessive amounts of money without gold or silver backing.

Question 17

What was the Treaty of Locarno?

Answer 17

A 1925 agreement recognizing post-WWI borders and allowing Germany to join the League of Nations.

Question 18

What economic recovery occurred in Germany in the 1920s?

Answer 18

Germany overcame hyperinflation and experienced economic recovery with a new currency.

Question 19

What was the Great Depression?

Answer 19

A severe global economic crisis that began with the stock market crash in 1929.

Question 20

What was the New Deal?

Answer 20

A shock plan proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to relaunch the U.S. economy.

Question 21

What was the response of Japan to the Great Depression?

Answer 21

Japan reinforced militarism and imperialism to solve economic problems.

Question 22

What led to the rise of Italian fascism?

Answer 22

Discontent from unmet expectations after the Paris Peace Treaties and economic crisis.

Question 23

Who was Benito Mussolini?

Answer 23

The leader of the National Fascist Party who exploited nationalist frustration to gain power.

Question 24

What was the March on Rome?

Answer 24

A 1922 event where Mussolini’s Blackshirts marched to seize power.

Question 25

What happened after Mussolini became Prime Minister?

Answer 25

He dismantled democratic institutions and established a totalitarian regime.

Question 26

What was the Night of the Long Knives?

Answer 26

A 1934 purge where Hitler eliminated SA leaders to consolidate power.

Question 27

What was the main ideology of Nazism?

Answer 27

Anti-Semitism and the belief in the superiority of the Aryan race.

Question 28

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

Answer 28

Laws that institutionalized anti-Semitism and stripped Jews of citizenship.

Question 29

What was Kristallnacht?

Answer 29

A coordinated attack on Jewish neighborhoods in November 1938, resulting in widespread violence.

Question 30

What happened after Lenin's death in 1924?

Answer 30

Stalin eliminated his rivals and consolidated power in the Soviet Union.

Question 31

What was the significance of the yellow star introduced in 1939?

Answer 31

It was a measure to easily identify individuals, marking the beginning of a campaign of harassment against their families and properties.

Question 32

What happened to the leadership of the Soviet state after Lenin's death in 1924?

Answer 32

Stalin eliminated his comrades, including Trotsky, and consolidated himself as the sole leader due to differences in policy.

Question 33

Who was Lev Trotsky and what happened to him?

Answer 33

Trotsky was a staunch advocate of the expansion of the revolution; he was expelled from the Soviet Union in 1929 and assassinated in Mexico in 1940.

Question 34

What was the Third International or Comintern?

Answer 34

An institution founded in 1919 to coordinate communist organizations, which under Stalin became a means to control global communist parties.

Question 35

What economic policies did Stalin implement?

Answer 35

Stalin ended the NEP and began economic planning through five-year plans aimed at self-sufficiency in industrial and military fields.

Question 36

What was the goal of the five-year plans?

Answer 36

To achieve self-sufficiency in industrial and military fields, leading to significant development of heavy industry and infrastructure.

Question 37

What was the collectivization of agriculture under Stalin?

Answer 37

It involved forced expropriations to create cooperative farms (kolkhozes) and state-dependent farms (sovkhoz), resulting in the expulsion or execution of many landowners.

Question 38

What role did purges play in Stalin's regime?

Answer 38

Purges were used to spread terror, leading to the surveillance, arrest, and internment of thousands in gulags.

Question 39

What was the NKVD?

Answer 39

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs, a repressive element of Stalin's regime that controlled citizenship and dissent.

Question 40

What were the outcomes of Stalin's agricultural policies?

Answer 40

The policies failed in agriculture, causing famines, but resulted in significant industrial renewal and economic growth during the Great Depression.

Question 41

Why did citizens not perceive the benefits of industrialization?

Answer 41

The focus on heavy industry and armaments over consumer goods led to a low standard of living, causing notable social rejection.