DDD Flashcards
(19 cards)
Drug
Any abnormal substance that has the effect of altering body functions. Can be THERAPEUTIC OR TOXIC.
3 aspects of pharmacology
Pharmacy (study of drug making), pharmacology (study of drug action), and toxicology (study on poison and toxicity)
Sources of drugs
Natural sources (carbs, lipids, proteins, etc); and synthetic sources (natural mimicking, natural modification, and laboratory synthetics).
ROA: Classification
Topical, enteral, and parenteral
ROA: Effect
Local (topical), systemic (enteral [gut tract], and parenteral).
ROA: Topical
Transdermal, transmucosal, and inhalational are systemic. Everything else is local.
ROA: Enteral
Oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal. all systemic.
ROA: Parenteral
All systemic (subC, intramusc, IV, etc)
ROA: Local
Epidural, subconjunctival, Intra-art, etc.
Drug Standard
Pharmacopoeias
Nomenclature
Chemical name, generic name (usually the common name), trade name.
Drug Classification
Natural prep (galenicals), pure compounds, semi-syn, purely syn.
Classification on use
Analgesic, anesthetic, CNS stimulants, ANS drugs, CV drugs, etc.
Drug Development Objectives
Effective (pharamcological profile) and safe (toxicological profile)
Evaluation processes
screening, preclinical, clinical
Screening
thousands, focused on pharamcological profile, very few pass.
Preclinical Test: Pharmacological tests
Pharmacy (to find a suitable prep), PK (to find the right dose), PD (to understand the MOA).
Preclinical tests: Toxicology
Acute toxicity, chronic tox, subchronic, repro tox, carcinogenecity, genotox.
Clinical test: Phases
targeted populations. P1 (normal), P2 (small, sick), P3 (large, sick), P4 (post-marketing eval).
