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Data Driven Decision Marking > DDDM > Flashcards

DDDM Flashcards

1
Q

Two type of statistics (Analytics)

A

Descriptive and Inferential

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2
Q

Descriptive statistics are used to

A

Inform / exploratory

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3
Q

Inferential statistics are used to

A

Predict / Trend

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4
Q

4 levels of measurement

A

NOIR: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio

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5
Q

Continuous data with unique 0 point

A

Ratio

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6
Q

Orders data at equal distances apart

A

Interval

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7
Q

Place qualitative objects in some kind of order

A

Ordinal

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8
Q

Identify, Group, or Categorize

A

Nominal

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9
Q

Outliers this type of error

A

Out-of-range

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10
Q

Unpredictable error

A

Random Error - No correlation

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11
Q

Error may occur from missing data (i.e. - space not filled in)

A

Omission Error - Distorted results

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12
Q

This error repeats itself

A

Systematic error - skewed results

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13
Q

What is the purpose of quality control?

A

Reduce / minimize errors

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14
Q

All variables measurements and manipulations are under the researcher’s control

A

Experimental study

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15
Q

Used when impractical or impossible to control the conditions of the study

A

Observational study

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16
Q

Participants are not told if they are in the treatment group or control group

A

Blind study

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17
Q

The procedure the researchers applied to each other

A

Treatments

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18
Q

Neither the treatment allocator nor the participants know who is in the treatment group or control group

A

Double blind study

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19
Q

Questions favor an outcome or the interviewer ask questions that favor an outcome

A

Information Bias

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20
Q

The average outcome (payoff) when the future includes scenarios that may or may hot happen

A

Expected Monetary Value (EMV) Analysis

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21
Q

Observation points that are distant from other observations

A

Outliers

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22
Q

Bias that occurs from not selecting a random sample

A

Measurement bias

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23
Q

Bias introduced because respondents believe it will be beneficial selected

A

Conscious bias

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24
Q

Each of the four quartile groups a population can be divided

A

Quartiles

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25
Q

Measures the difference between the third and first quartile

A

IQR: Inter-quartile range

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26
Q

Used to study the composition of data set and examine the distribution

A

Box plot

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27
Q

The order you pick your sample in does not matter

A

Combination Picking

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28
Q

When given P(A) given P(B), you can use this to find the P(B) given P(A)

A

Bayes Theorem

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29
Q

Apply this rule when looking for two events occurring (AND)

A

Multiplication

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30
Q

Use this rule when looking for one or the other event happening (OR)

A

Addition

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31
Q

A simple regression using time as the independent variable

A

Time series

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32
Q

A general slope upward or downward over a period of time

A

Trend

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33
Q

Unforeseen circumstances causing random devastations

A

Irregularity

34
Q

Repetition in up and down patterns

A

Cyclicality

35
Q

Regular pattern within a single year

A

Seasonality

36
Q

Represents the probability that a variable falls with a certain range

A

Cumulative distribution

37
Q

A list of all the different possibilities of each outcome that can occur

A

Probability distribution

38
Q

Measures of central tendency are approximately equal (Mean and Median)

A

Normal Distribution

39
Q

Use to compare the mean of 3 or more groups

A

ANOVA

40
Q

ANOVA uses this test statistic

A

F-value (must be higher than critical value to reject the null)

41
Q

A correlation is weak if the coefficient is close to what?

A

Zero

42
Q

A correlation is strong if the coefficient is close to what?

A

1 or -1

43
Q

Illustrates limits or constraints a process should not exceed

A

Control chart

44
Q

Illustrates performance measurements over a period of time

A

Run chart

45
Q

Assist in brainstorming issues that are causing the problem

A

Cause and effect diagrams

46
Q

Visual tool to understand a process

A

Flowchart

47
Q

Tool used to collect data to create other charts

A

Check sheet

48
Q

Graphical display of data set with one bar for each category

A

Histogram and Pareto

49
Q

Graphical display of data set centered

A

Histogram

50
Q

Graphical display of data set in order from highest to lowest

A

Pareto

51
Q

Used for potential relationships and correlations between variables

A

Scatter diagram

52
Q

Can the tools be used independently?

A

Yes

53
Q

What percentage of problems does Ishikawaw claim the seven tools can solve?

A

90 - 95%

54
Q

A diagram demonstrating all the elements that can be influence a process before it starts

A

SIPOC (Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer)

55
Q

Manufacturing approach to improving processes

A

Six sigma

56
Q

In manufacturing, statistics is used for what?

A

Quality control

57
Q

Which step is a response of analytical result in the Plan-Do-Study-Act process?

A

Act

58
Q

Shows whether a result meets the a requirement or not

A

Attribute

59
Q

Shows how well a result meets the requirement

A

Variable

60
Q

Variations accepted as the normal part of the process

A

Common cause variations

61
Q

Variations from an abnormality causing large discrepancies in results

A

Special cause variation

62
Q

Model of designing, analyzing, and scoring test

A

IRT: Item Response Theory

63
Q

How does the government differ than private sector cost-benefit analysis?

A

Government benefits aren’t always money. Could be flood prevention or community welfare programs.

64
Q

Compares one individual’s performance to another individuals

A

Norm referenced

65
Q

Compares an individual’s performance to a standard score (Example: Cut score of 64%)

A

Criterion referenced

66
Q

A management strategy that uses results as a central measurement of performance

A

RBM: Results Based Management

67
Q

What big data

A

Very large data sets

68
Q

Used to count all of the existing cases of a disease

A

Prevalence

69
Q

Used to count only the new cases of a disease

A

Incident (incident rate)

70
Q

Used to analyze if funding is worth the outcome of a project

A

Cost-benefit analysis

71
Q

Performance measure for one specific goal

A

KPI (Key Performance Indicator)

72
Q

Multiple KPIs are displayed for the big picture

A

KPI dashboard - More than one chart is needed

73
Q

What does the balanced scorecard measure?

A

CLIF (Custom, Learning, Internal processes, Financial management) Are we meeting the strategy?

74
Q

The balanced score card requires time and effort to establish a meaningful scorecard. Is this an advantage or disadvantage?

A

Disadvantage

75
Q

The balanced score card improves internal and external communication. Is this an advantage or disadvantage?

A

Advantage

76
Q

When using a balanced scorecard is is difficult to maintain momentum. Advantage or disadvantage?

A

Disadvantage

77
Q

Using a balanced scorecard improves organizational alignment. Advantage or disadvantage?

A

Advantage

78
Q

A balanced scorecard links strategy to organizational results. Advantage or disadvantage?

A

Advantage

79
Q

KPI: Data driven results make it easier to quantify performance. Advantage or disadvantage?

A

Advantage

80
Q

KPIs are difficult to change once established. Advantage or disadvantage?

A

Disadvantage

Data Driven Decision Marking (1 decks)

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