ddx lists Flashcards
Bilateral findings - uppper lobe predominant
CASSET P
C: cystic fibrosis A: ankylosing spondylitis S: silicosis S: sarcoidosis E: eosinophilic T: tuberculosis P: PCP - PJP
Bilateral findings - lower lobe predominant
BAD RASH
B: bronchiectasis
A: aspiration
D: DIP
R: rheumatoid arthritis
A: asbestosis
S: scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis)
H: Hamman-Rich syndrome (Acute interstitial pneumonitis)
Pituitary region masses
S: sarcoid, sellar tumour (pituitary adenoma)
A: aneurysm
T: teratoma or tuberculosis (and other granulomatous diseases)
C: craniopharyngioma, cleft cyst (Rathke), chordoma
H: hypothalamic glioma, hamartoma of tuber cinereum, histiocytosis
M: meningioma, metastasis
O: optic nerve glioma
E: eosinophilic granuloma or epidermoid/dermoid/teratoma
Erlenmeyer flask deformity
C: craniometaphyseal dysplasias H: haemoglobinopathies thalassemia sickle cell disease O: osteopetrosis N: Niemann-Pick disease G: Gaucher disease
SPN
malignant bronchogenic carcinoma solitary pulmonary metastasis lymphoma carcinoid tumours
benign
pulmonary hamartoma
inflammatory granuloma lung abscess rheumatoid nodule small focus of pneumonia - round pneumonia
congenital
arteriovenous malformation
lung cyst
bronchial atresia with mucoid impaction
miscellaneous pulmonary infarct intrapulmonary lymph node mucoid impaction pulmonary haematoma
Mimics nipple shadow cutaneous lesion (e.g. wart, mole) rib fracture or other bone lesion vanishing pseudotumour of congestive heart failure
Coin lesion - round or oval, well-circumscribed solitary pulmonary lesion, usually 1-5 cm in diameter
malignancy
primary lung malignancy
metastases
infection pulmonary tuberculosis Streptococcus sp., Staphlycoccus sp., or Klebisialla sp. infection hydatid cyst abscess
benign/other disease processes Wegener's granulomatosis pulmonary hamartoma pulmonary arteriovenous malformation rheumatoid nodule bronchogenic cyst bronchial adenoma
Cavitating lesion
cavitating malignancy
primary bronchogenic carcinoma (especially squamous cell carcinoma)
cavitating pulmonary metastases
infection
pulmonary tuberculosis
pulmonary bacterial abscess/cavitating pneumonia
septic pulmonary emboli
non-infective granuloma
granulomatosis with polyangitis
rheumatoid nodules
vascular
pulmonary infarct
congenital (not true “cavity”)
congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)
pulmonary sequestration
bronchogenic cyst
Cerebral ring enhancing lesions ddx?
M: metastasis A: abscess G: glioblastoma multiforme I: infarct (subacute phase) C: contusion D: demyelinating disease R: radiation necrosis or resolving haematoma
Acroosteolysis ddx?
P: psoriasis/pyknodysostosis
I: injury, e.g. thermal burn, frost bite
N: neuropathy. e.g. diabetes, leprosy
C: collagen vascular disease, e.g. scleroderma, Raynaud disease
H: hyperparathyroidism
F: familial, e.g. Hajdu-Cheney syndrome
O: other, e.g. polyvinyl chloride exposure, progeria
Tumoral calcinosis ddx
hyperparathyroidism - most frequently in chronic renal failure calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) myositis ossificans calcinosis circumscripta calcinosis universalis milk-alkali syndrome hypervitaminosis D calcinosis of chronic renal failure calcific tendonitis synovial osteochondromatosis synovial sarcoma osteosarcoma calcific myonecrosis tophaceous gout
Chagas disease bug and protozoan parasite?
Reduviid bug (actuallly Triatominae - subfamilly) Trypanosoma cruzi
HOA due to what patho mechanism?
Paraneoplastic growth factors (like prostaglandin E), other cytokines, neurologic, hormonal, and immune mechanisms and vascular thrombi caused by platelets and antiphospholipid antibodies.
A popular current theory involves the interaction between activated platelets and the endothelium. Normally, platelets are fragmented in the pulmonary microvasculature before they reach the general circulation.
In what way can the platelet/vascular thrombi reach critical level to cause HOA?
Can bypassing the lung capillary network (right to left shunts, lung carcinoma, etc), can form of large platelet clumps (on the left side of the heart or in large arteries, eg, subacute bacterial endocarditis, subclavian aneurysm), or chronic platelet excess (eg, chronic inflammatory bowel disease).
Lobster Claw defromity
Ecterodactyly
AVN mnemonic?
PLASTIC RAGS
P: pancreatitis, pregnancy L: lupus A: alcohol S: steroids T: trauma I: idiopathic, infection C: caisson disease, collagen vascular disease R: radiation, rheumatoid arthritis A: amyloid G: Gaucher disease S: sickle cell disease
