DEA

Question 1

What external reasons are there for class DEA? (5)

Answer 1

• Material deprivation - cooper + Stewart
• speech codes - Bernstein
• Parental attitudes - ball bowe + gerwitz
• cultural deprivation - bourdieu
• culturally different - Keddie

Question 2

What internal reasons are there for class DEA (3)

Answer 2

• Labelling - Becker
• setting and streaming - Gilbert + youdell
• anti school subcultures - Willis

Question 3

What external reasons are there for gender DEA (3)

Answer 3

• Education reform act 1970
• socialisation - mcrobbie
• changing expectations - Sharpe

Question 4

What internal reasons are there for gender DEA (3.5)

Answer 4

• Hidden curriculum - Sewell
• teacher pupil interactions ( 60%)
• subcultures - public policy research
• anti-school subcultures - Willis

Question 5

What external reasons ave there for ethnicity DEA (4)

Answer 5

• Racism - Mason
• family structure - Murray
• speech codes - Bernstein
• parental attitudes - lupton

Question 6

What internal reasons are there for ethnicity DEA (4)

Answer 6

• Teacher labelling - archer
• subcultures - Willis
• institutional racism - Gilborn
• ethnocentric curriculum - troyne + Williams

Question 7

Institutional racism

Answer 7

Gilborn
17% of gypsy students are excluded compared to less than 1% of Chinese students

This could just be that different ethnicities here different norms end values which leads them to actually misbehave

Question 8

Ethnocentric curriculum

Answer 8

Troyna + Williams 1986
Hidden curriculum favours white British because it teaches British history that they’re parents and them are probably already familiar with and European languages

However this could be said to be ordered because it was almost 40 years ago and we now earnthings like conflict in the Middle East in history

Question 9

Teacher labelling - ethnicity

Answer 9

Archer
Teachers label students positively or negatively which leads to bias and the self-fulfilling prophecy. Black Caribbean and lower class while students are labelled as hypersexual and low ability whereas Asians are labelled as herd-working.

Question 10

Subcultures - internal ethnicity

Answer 10

Wright
Ethnicities with similar norms and values formsubcultures so ethnicities with anti-school values become even more antischool.
Furthermore, teachers identify these subcultures and start to treat them with more bias + stereotype

Question 11

Parental attitudes - ethnicity

Answer 11

Lupton
Some ethnicities value education much more and see it as a ‘way up’ and also have strict ethics therefore Asian students are the most likely to have a degree

Question 12

Racism

Answer 12

Mason
Ethnic minorities face racism in the workplace so parents are more likely to be poor and live in poor catchment areas which leads to their children struggling in schools because of material deprivation.

However, Asian communities who are still ethnic minorities have the highest education achievement and working class white who are not subject to racism are the least likely to achieve 5 + grade A star - C

Question 13

Family structure - ethnicity

Answer 13

Murray - new right
55% black Caribbean are single parent families and there are 3x as likely as white British students to be excluded who only have 27% single parent families.

However, Bangladeshis used to be less likely then white British to get 5+ grade A star - C despite only having 16% single parent families

Question 14

Speech codes

Answer 14

Bernstein
Black Caribbean and white working class speak in a restricted code of slang and inaccurate grammar which results in them struggling in subjects like English

However Indians also speak in a broken form of English but are the highest educational achievers 40%+ end up with degrees

Question 15

Teacher pupil interactions

Answer 15

60% of teachers are female so they support the needs of girls more than boys. Furthermore, they are more held girls to a higher standard than boys.

Question 16

Antischool subcultures - gender

Answer 16

Willis
Anti school subcultures are formed by working class pays who avoid work and guarantee poor performance

Question 17

Hidden curriculum - gender

Answer 17

Sewell
Curriculum benefits characteristics that are more associated with girls eg patience and obedience.

Question 18

Equal pay act 1970

Answer 18

Means girls are now more focussed on achieving good education because they know they will be able to get good jobs

However, there is still the glass ceiling

Question 19

Socialisation

Answer 19

Mcrobbie
Girls are taught through bedroom culture to be more patient and obedient and given toys like dolls which encourage patient and nurturing qualifiesthat are valued by the education system - language skills - girls do better than boys at English and science at every step of the curriculum

Question 20

Changing expectations

Answer 20

Sharpe
Girls in the 70s focussed on ‘marriage - husbands and love’ whereas in the 90s women’s aspirations were -job, career, independence- so are now valuing education a lot because it was some thing they didn’t have before

Question 21

Material deprivation

Answer 21

Cooper + Stewart
Poor live in cold over-crowded houses with limited access to internet and no laptops to do homework on

Question 22

Speech codes - class

Answer 22

Bernstein
Working class use slang and inaccurate grammar - restricted codes that disadvantage them in subjects like English vs elaborated codes with sophisticates vocabulary of upper class

Question 23

Parental attitudes - class

Answer 23

Ball bowe gerwitz
Middle class have resources and contacts to access league tables and aim for better schools and move to good catchment areas. However lower class parents don’t care and send their kids to any school.

Question 24

Setting and streaming

Answer 24

Gilbert and youdell
Middle class are more likely to be given benefit of the doubt when in between sets whereas lower class are moved down

Question 25

Labelling - class

Answer 25

Becker
interviewed 60 Chicago teachers and found their ideal students were white and middle class