DEA GENDER Flashcards
(37 cards)
What percentage of women are more likely to apply to uni than men?
35%
How does the presence of more female role models in wider society influence girls educational aspirations?
Role models are not limited to those occupying senior leadership positions in schools but also in other areas such as career, family and relationships.
Explain the change in girls aspirations - Sue Sharpe
In 1976, girls were asked what their aspirations were for life - family, marriage and home life.
When asked again in 1994, this had changed to education, career and family.
Shift has led to higher motivation levels in girls to achieve academic success.
Name 2 policies that have allowed for equal employment opportunities for women.
1975 sex discrimination act.
1970 Equal pay act.
What is the glass ceiling effect?
This is when women can’t reach certain promotions or levels in the workplace due to gender barriers - the glass ceiling blocks them.
What is GIST?
A project in the early 1980s to try and address gender differences in subject choice and encourage more girls to choose sciences at school.
What is WISE?
A project to encourage more girls to choose STEM careers
What is the education reform act?
Set up the National Curriculum in state schools and managed end of assessments at the end of each key stage.
What does Weiner say about teachers and gender stereotypes?
Teachers are challenging gender stereotypes more than ever:
- sexist images removed from text books
- more positive female imagery in resources
What is often suggested about primary schools and their gender influence?
Seen as a ‘feminised’ system which instils notions of a gender domain.
What is a gender domain?
The tasks and activities men and women see as territory of their retrospective genders.
What percentage of teachers in primary schools in 2012 are female?
81%
What does Gorard say about the gender gap in education?
The gender gap in success rates increased when the introductions of GCSE’s happened - more coursework based assessments.
What do Mitsos and Browne say about GCSE’s and coursework?
Assessments tend to female females more than males - coursework suits girls better.
- Girls spend more time on their work
-Girls take more care in presentation - Girls are more organised
- Girls develop better speaking and listening skills = useful in oral exams.
What did Dale Spender say about male attention in school?
Boys received more attention in the classroom than boys, but it is negative.
Boys more likely to be disciplined than girls, and are more likely to attract teacher attention as they are more boisterous and disruptive.
What market principles did the 1988 education act introduce?
Formula funding
League tables
How does formula funding put pressure on schools?
Pressures them to perform well to raise their league positioning to attract students.
Schools therefore favour girls as they achieve better results.
How do radical feminists criticise education?
See it as patriarchal and suggest:
- male teachers more likely to be head teachers
- female subject choices are restricted
- females are still generally paid less in employment.
Who talked about symbolic violence?
Louise Archer
What did Archer say about symbolic capital and W/C girls feminine identities?
Girls gained symbolic capital from their peers
Constructed a hyper-heterosexual feminine identity
Often punished by school for having wrong appearance, saw as distraction.
What is the W/C girls dilemma?
They can either gain symbolic capital by conforming to a hyper-heterosexual feminine identity
OR
gain educational capital by rejecting their W/C identity.
Why do boys have poorer literacy and language skills?
- parents spend less time reading to sons
- mothers do most of reading so viewed as feminine activity
- boys leisure activities - football - do not help their language skills
- girls tend to have a bedroom culture
What is the bedroom culture?
Girls more likely to play in their rooms quietly, reading books.
Boys tend to go outside and play football, encouraged to be adventurous.
How do Mitsos and Browne say de-industrialisation has affected boys’ educational performance?
Decline in heavy industries means many boys now believe they have little hope in getting a proper job so give up trying.
